Molecular Evolution of Multiple Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase (AANAT) in Fish
Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA) to arylalkylamines, including indolethylamines and phenylethylamines. Multiple aanats are present in teleost fish as a result of whole genome and gene duplications. Fish aanat1a and aa...
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doaj-513e6b307e6243f3a987d0eafd1f421a2020-11-24T23:44:06ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972011-05-019590692110.3390/md9050906Molecular Evolution of Multiple Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase (AANAT) in FishBina Zilberman-PeledSharron Bransburg-ZabaryDavid C. KleinYoav GothilfArylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA) to arylalkylamines, including indolethylamines and phenylethylamines. Multiple aanats are present in teleost fish as a result of whole genome and gene duplications. Fish aanat1a and aanat2 paralogs display different patterns of tissue expression and encode proteins with different substrate preference: AANAT1a is expressed in the retina, and acetylates both indolethylamines and phenylethylamines; while AANAT2 is expressed in the pineal gland, and preferentially acetylates indolethylamines. The two enzymes are therefore thought to serve different roles. Here, the molecular changes that led to their specialization were studied by investigating the structure-function relationships of AANATs in the gilthead seabream (sb, Sperus aurata). Acetylation activity of reciprocal mutated enzymes pointed to specific residues that contribute to substrate specificity of the enzymes. Inhibition tests followed by complementary analyses of the predicted three-dimensional models of the enzymes, suggested that both phenylethylamines and indolethylamines bind to the catalytic pocket of both enzymes. These results suggest that substrate selectivity of AANAT1a and AANAT2 is determined by the positioning of the substrate within the catalytic pocket, and its accessibility to catalysis. This illustrates the evolutionary process by which enzymes encoded by duplicated genes acquire different activities and play different biological roles.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/9/5/906/seabreamserotonindopaminegene duplication |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Bina Zilberman-Peled Sharron Bransburg-Zabary David C. Klein Yoav Gothilf |
spellingShingle |
Bina Zilberman-Peled Sharron Bransburg-Zabary David C. Klein Yoav Gothilf Molecular Evolution of Multiple Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase (AANAT) in Fish Marine Drugs seabream serotonin dopamine gene duplication |
author_facet |
Bina Zilberman-Peled Sharron Bransburg-Zabary David C. Klein Yoav Gothilf |
author_sort |
Bina Zilberman-Peled |
title |
Molecular Evolution of Multiple Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase (AANAT) in Fish |
title_short |
Molecular Evolution of Multiple Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase (AANAT) in Fish |
title_full |
Molecular Evolution of Multiple Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase (AANAT) in Fish |
title_fullStr |
Molecular Evolution of Multiple Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase (AANAT) in Fish |
title_full_unstemmed |
Molecular Evolution of Multiple Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase (AANAT) in Fish |
title_sort |
molecular evolution of multiple arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase (aanat) in fish |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Marine Drugs |
issn |
1660-3397 |
publishDate |
2011-05-01 |
description |
Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA) to arylalkylamines, including indolethylamines and phenylethylamines. Multiple aanats are present in teleost fish as a result of whole genome and gene duplications. Fish aanat1a and aanat2 paralogs display different patterns of tissue expression and encode proteins with different substrate preference: AANAT1a is expressed in the retina, and acetylates both indolethylamines and phenylethylamines; while AANAT2 is expressed in the pineal gland, and preferentially acetylates indolethylamines. The two enzymes are therefore thought to serve different roles. Here, the molecular changes that led to their specialization were studied by investigating the structure-function relationships of AANATs in the gilthead seabream (sb, Sperus aurata). Acetylation activity of reciprocal mutated enzymes pointed to specific residues that contribute to substrate specificity of the enzymes. Inhibition tests followed by complementary analyses of the predicted three-dimensional models of the enzymes, suggested that both phenylethylamines and indolethylamines bind to the catalytic pocket of both enzymes. These results suggest that substrate selectivity of AANAT1a and AANAT2 is determined by the positioning of the substrate within the catalytic pocket, and its accessibility to catalysis. This illustrates the evolutionary process by which enzymes encoded by duplicated genes acquire different activities and play different biological roles. |
topic |
seabream serotonin dopamine gene duplication |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/9/5/906/ |
work_keys_str_mv |
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