Kinetics of Phosphorus Release from Vivianite, Hydroxyapatite, and Bone Char Influenced by Organic and Inorganic Compounds
The availability of P is often insufficient and limited by accumulation in soils. This led to the necessity of solutions for the recovery as well as recycling of secondary P resources. Batch experiments were conducted with CaCl<sub>2</sub> and citric acid to characterize P release kineti...
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doaj-51b86fef591c4c38876bfe19220adc8d2020-11-25T01:28:23ZengMDPI AGSoil Systems2571-87892020-03-01411510.3390/soilsystems4010015soilsystems4010015Kinetics of Phosphorus Release from Vivianite, Hydroxyapatite, and Bone Char Influenced by Organic and Inorganic CompoundsElisabeth Schütze0Stella Gypser1Dirk Freese2Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Chair of Soil Protection and Recultivation, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 6, 03046 Cottbus, GermanyFaculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Chair of Soil Protection and Recultivation, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 6, 03046 Cottbus, GermanyFaculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Chair of Soil Protection and Recultivation, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 6, 03046 Cottbus, GermanyThe availability of P is often insufficient and limited by accumulation in soils. This led to the necessity of solutions for the recovery as well as recycling of secondary P resources. Batch experiments were conducted with CaCl<sub>2</sub> and citric acid to characterize P release kinetics from vivianite, hydroxyapatite, and bone char. While the P release during the CaCl<sub>2</sub> treatment was so low that only vivianite and hydroxyapatite showed a slightly higher release with increasing CaCl<sub>2</sub> concentration, the increase of dissolved P was more pronounced for citric acid. The application of citric acid resulted in a 32,190-fold higher P release for bone char. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic data suggested higher instability of hydroxyapatite than for bone char. The kinetic data showed that bone char, especially at a lower particle size, had a higher long-term P release than hydroxyapatite or vivianite. The suitability of hydroxyapatite and bone char as a poorly soluble, but sustainable P source is better than that of vivianite. However, the efficiency as a P fertilizer is also dependent on present soil P mobilization processes. The results underline the importance of the accessibility of fertilized or naturally bound P for plant roots to benefit from the excretion of organic acids.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/4/1/15bone charhydroxyapatitevivianitephosphorus releasecitric acid |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Elisabeth Schütze Stella Gypser Dirk Freese |
spellingShingle |
Elisabeth Schütze Stella Gypser Dirk Freese Kinetics of Phosphorus Release from Vivianite, Hydroxyapatite, and Bone Char Influenced by Organic and Inorganic Compounds Soil Systems bone char hydroxyapatite vivianite phosphorus release citric acid |
author_facet |
Elisabeth Schütze Stella Gypser Dirk Freese |
author_sort |
Elisabeth Schütze |
title |
Kinetics of Phosphorus Release from Vivianite, Hydroxyapatite, and Bone Char Influenced by Organic and Inorganic Compounds |
title_short |
Kinetics of Phosphorus Release from Vivianite, Hydroxyapatite, and Bone Char Influenced by Organic and Inorganic Compounds |
title_full |
Kinetics of Phosphorus Release from Vivianite, Hydroxyapatite, and Bone Char Influenced by Organic and Inorganic Compounds |
title_fullStr |
Kinetics of Phosphorus Release from Vivianite, Hydroxyapatite, and Bone Char Influenced by Organic and Inorganic Compounds |
title_full_unstemmed |
Kinetics of Phosphorus Release from Vivianite, Hydroxyapatite, and Bone Char Influenced by Organic and Inorganic Compounds |
title_sort |
kinetics of phosphorus release from vivianite, hydroxyapatite, and bone char influenced by organic and inorganic compounds |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Soil Systems |
issn |
2571-8789 |
publishDate |
2020-03-01 |
description |
The availability of P is often insufficient and limited by accumulation in soils. This led to the necessity of solutions for the recovery as well as recycling of secondary P resources. Batch experiments were conducted with CaCl<sub>2</sub> and citric acid to characterize P release kinetics from vivianite, hydroxyapatite, and bone char. While the P release during the CaCl<sub>2</sub> treatment was so low that only vivianite and hydroxyapatite showed a slightly higher release with increasing CaCl<sub>2</sub> concentration, the increase of dissolved P was more pronounced for citric acid. The application of citric acid resulted in a 32,190-fold higher P release for bone char. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic data suggested higher instability of hydroxyapatite than for bone char. The kinetic data showed that bone char, especially at a lower particle size, had a higher long-term P release than hydroxyapatite or vivianite. The suitability of hydroxyapatite and bone char as a poorly soluble, but sustainable P source is better than that of vivianite. However, the efficiency as a P fertilizer is also dependent on present soil P mobilization processes. The results underline the importance of the accessibility of fertilized or naturally bound P for plant roots to benefit from the excretion of organic acids. |
topic |
bone char hydroxyapatite vivianite phosphorus release citric acid |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/4/1/15 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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