The Use of Mass Spectrometric Techniques to Differentiate Isobaric and Isomeric Flavonoid Conjugates from Axyris amaranthoides

Flavonoids are a group of compounds that are commonly found in various plants, where they play important roles in many processes, including free radical scavenging and UV protection. These compounds can also act as chemical messengers, physiological regulators or protectants against pathogens in the...

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Main Authors: Łukasz Marczak, Paulina Znajdek-Awiżeń, Wiesława Bylka
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2016-09-01
Series:Molecules
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/9/1229
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spelling doaj-51d3e63cc279458196cb7dd71958e7652020-11-24T21:33:57ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492016-09-01219122910.3390/molecules21091229molecules21091229The Use of Mass Spectrometric Techniques to Differentiate Isobaric and Isomeric Flavonoid Conjugates from Axyris amaranthoidesŁukasz Marczak0Paulina Znajdek-Awiżeń1Wiesława Bylka2European Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Świecickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Świecickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, PolandFlavonoids are a group of compounds that are commonly found in various plants, where they play important roles in many processes, including free radical scavenging and UV protection. These compounds can also act as chemical messengers, physiological regulators or protectants against pathogens in the defense reactions of plants. Flavonoid activity is regulated by the addition of various substituents, usually mono- or oligosaccharides of common sugars, such as glucose, rhamnose or galactose. In some plants, glucuronic acid is attached, and this sugar is often acylated by phenylpropanoic acids. Identification of these compounds and their derivatives is of great importance to understanding their role in plant metabolism and defense mechanisms; this research is important because flavonoids are frequently a significant constituent of the human diet. In this study, we identify the flavonoid conjugates present in Axyris amaranthoides L. extracts and demonstrate the usefulness of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyzers for the differentiation of isobaric compounds and the utility of fragmentation spectra for the differentiation of isomeric structures. According to our knowledge, some of the structures, especially dehydrodiferulated conjugates of tricin, whose structures are proposed here have been found for the first time in plant material.http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/9/1229collision-induced dissociationelectrosprayflavonoid conjugatesAxyris amaranthoidestandem mass spectrometryfragmentation spectraisomeric compoundsisobaric compounds
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Łukasz Marczak
Paulina Znajdek-Awiżeń
Wiesława Bylka
spellingShingle Łukasz Marczak
Paulina Znajdek-Awiżeń
Wiesława Bylka
The Use of Mass Spectrometric Techniques to Differentiate Isobaric and Isomeric Flavonoid Conjugates from Axyris amaranthoides
Molecules
collision-induced dissociation
electrospray
flavonoid conjugates
Axyris amaranthoides
tandem mass spectrometry
fragmentation spectra
isomeric compounds
isobaric compounds
author_facet Łukasz Marczak
Paulina Znajdek-Awiżeń
Wiesława Bylka
author_sort Łukasz Marczak
title The Use of Mass Spectrometric Techniques to Differentiate Isobaric and Isomeric Flavonoid Conjugates from Axyris amaranthoides
title_short The Use of Mass Spectrometric Techniques to Differentiate Isobaric and Isomeric Flavonoid Conjugates from Axyris amaranthoides
title_full The Use of Mass Spectrometric Techniques to Differentiate Isobaric and Isomeric Flavonoid Conjugates from Axyris amaranthoides
title_fullStr The Use of Mass Spectrometric Techniques to Differentiate Isobaric and Isomeric Flavonoid Conjugates from Axyris amaranthoides
title_full_unstemmed The Use of Mass Spectrometric Techniques to Differentiate Isobaric and Isomeric Flavonoid Conjugates from Axyris amaranthoides
title_sort use of mass spectrometric techniques to differentiate isobaric and isomeric flavonoid conjugates from axyris amaranthoides
publisher MDPI AG
series Molecules
issn 1420-3049
publishDate 2016-09-01
description Flavonoids are a group of compounds that are commonly found in various plants, where they play important roles in many processes, including free radical scavenging and UV protection. These compounds can also act as chemical messengers, physiological regulators or protectants against pathogens in the defense reactions of plants. Flavonoid activity is regulated by the addition of various substituents, usually mono- or oligosaccharides of common sugars, such as glucose, rhamnose or galactose. In some plants, glucuronic acid is attached, and this sugar is often acylated by phenylpropanoic acids. Identification of these compounds and their derivatives is of great importance to understanding their role in plant metabolism and defense mechanisms; this research is important because flavonoids are frequently a significant constituent of the human diet. In this study, we identify the flavonoid conjugates present in Axyris amaranthoides L. extracts and demonstrate the usefulness of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyzers for the differentiation of isobaric compounds and the utility of fragmentation spectra for the differentiation of isomeric structures. According to our knowledge, some of the structures, especially dehydrodiferulated conjugates of tricin, whose structures are proposed here have been found for the first time in plant material.
topic collision-induced dissociation
electrospray
flavonoid conjugates
Axyris amaranthoides
tandem mass spectrometry
fragmentation spectra
isomeric compounds
isobaric compounds
url http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/9/1229
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