Validation and Determination of 25(OH) Vitamin D and 3-Epi25(OH)D3 in Breastmilk and Maternal- and Infant Plasma during Breastfeeding
Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and their offspring may result in unfavorable health outcomes for both mother and infant. A 25hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level of at least 75 nmol/L is recommended by the Endocrine Society. Validated, automated sample preparation and liquid chromatography-tande...
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doaj-5220a9b437344faf94ff76940f9c43ac2020-11-25T03:49:22ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-07-01122271227110.3390/nu12082271Validation and Determination of 25(OH) Vitamin D and 3-Epi25(OH)D3 in Breastmilk and Maternal- and Infant Plasma during BreastfeedingJennifer Gjerde0Marian Kjellevold1Lisbeth Dahl2Torill Berg3Annbjørg Bøkevoll4Maria Wik Markhus5Institute of Marine Research, P.O box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, NorwayInstitute of Marine Research, P.O box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, NorwayInstitute of Marine Research, P.O box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, NorwayInstitute of Marine Research, P.O box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, NorwayInstitute of Marine Research, P.O box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, NorwayInstitute of Marine Research, P.O box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, NorwayVitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and their offspring may result in unfavorable health outcomes for both mother and infant. A 25hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level of at least 75 nmol/L is recommended by the Endocrine Society. Validated, automated sample preparation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods were used to determine the vitamin D metabolites status in mother-infant pairs. Detection of 3-Epi25(OH)D3 prevented overestimation of 25(OH)D3 and misclassification of vitamin D status. Sixty-three percent of maternal 25(OH)D plasma levels were less than the recommended level of 25(OH)D at 3 months. Additionally, breastmilk levels of 25(OH)D decreased from 60.1 nmol/L to 50.0 nmol/L between six weeks and three months (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between mother and infant plasma levels (<i>p</i> < 0.01, r = 0.56) at 3 months. Accordingly, 31% of the infants were categorized as vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) compared to 25% if 3-Epi25(OH)D3 was not distinguished from 25(OH)D3. This study highlights the importance of accurate quantification of 25(OH)D. Monitoring vitamin D metabolites in infant, maternal plasma, and breastmilk may be needed to ensure adequate levels in both mother and infant in the first 6 months of infant life.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/8/2271breastmilkinfantmotherplasmavitamin D metabolites3-Epi25(OH)D3 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jennifer Gjerde Marian Kjellevold Lisbeth Dahl Torill Berg Annbjørg Bøkevoll Maria Wik Markhus |
spellingShingle |
Jennifer Gjerde Marian Kjellevold Lisbeth Dahl Torill Berg Annbjørg Bøkevoll Maria Wik Markhus Validation and Determination of 25(OH) Vitamin D and 3-Epi25(OH)D3 in Breastmilk and Maternal- and Infant Plasma during Breastfeeding Nutrients breastmilk infant mother plasma vitamin D metabolites 3-Epi25(OH)D3 |
author_facet |
Jennifer Gjerde Marian Kjellevold Lisbeth Dahl Torill Berg Annbjørg Bøkevoll Maria Wik Markhus |
author_sort |
Jennifer Gjerde |
title |
Validation and Determination of 25(OH) Vitamin D and 3-Epi25(OH)D3 in Breastmilk and Maternal- and Infant Plasma during Breastfeeding |
title_short |
Validation and Determination of 25(OH) Vitamin D and 3-Epi25(OH)D3 in Breastmilk and Maternal- and Infant Plasma during Breastfeeding |
title_full |
Validation and Determination of 25(OH) Vitamin D and 3-Epi25(OH)D3 in Breastmilk and Maternal- and Infant Plasma during Breastfeeding |
title_fullStr |
Validation and Determination of 25(OH) Vitamin D and 3-Epi25(OH)D3 in Breastmilk and Maternal- and Infant Plasma during Breastfeeding |
title_full_unstemmed |
Validation and Determination of 25(OH) Vitamin D and 3-Epi25(OH)D3 in Breastmilk and Maternal- and Infant Plasma during Breastfeeding |
title_sort |
validation and determination of 25(oh) vitamin d and 3-epi25(oh)d3 in breastmilk and maternal- and infant plasma during breastfeeding |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2020-07-01 |
description |
Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and their offspring may result in unfavorable health outcomes for both mother and infant. A 25hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level of at least 75 nmol/L is recommended by the Endocrine Society. Validated, automated sample preparation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods were used to determine the vitamin D metabolites status in mother-infant pairs. Detection of 3-Epi25(OH)D3 prevented overestimation of 25(OH)D3 and misclassification of vitamin D status. Sixty-three percent of maternal 25(OH)D plasma levels were less than the recommended level of 25(OH)D at 3 months. Additionally, breastmilk levels of 25(OH)D decreased from 60.1 nmol/L to 50.0 nmol/L between six weeks and three months (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between mother and infant plasma levels (<i>p</i> < 0.01, r = 0.56) at 3 months. Accordingly, 31% of the infants were categorized as vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) compared to 25% if 3-Epi25(OH)D3 was not distinguished from 25(OH)D3. This study highlights the importance of accurate quantification of 25(OH)D. Monitoring vitamin D metabolites in infant, maternal plasma, and breastmilk may be needed to ensure adequate levels in both mother and infant in the first 6 months of infant life. |
topic |
breastmilk infant mother plasma vitamin D metabolites 3-Epi25(OH)D3 |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/8/2271 |
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