The Intriguing Evolutionary Journey of Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) toward Pathogenicity
Among the intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli, enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) are a group of intracellular pathogens able to enter epithelial cells of colon, multiplicate within them, and move between adjacent cells with a mechanism similar to Shigella, the ethiological agent of bacillary dysenter...
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doaj-522492c0b504433eba3c4511b0fb4b5d2020-11-25T00:37:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2017-12-01810.3389/fmicb.2017.02390312178The Intriguing Evolutionary Journey of Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) toward PathogenicityMartina Pasqua0Valeria Michelacci1Maria Letizia Di Martino2Rosangela Tozzoli3Milena Grossi4Bianca Colonna5Stefano Morabito6Gianni Prosseda7Istituto Pasteur Italia, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, ItalyEuropean Union Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, ItalyIstituto Pasteur Italia, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, ItalyEuropean Union Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, ItalyIstituto Pasteur Italia, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, ItalyIstituto Pasteur Italia, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, ItalyEuropean Union Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, ItalyIstituto Pasteur Italia, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, ItalyAmong the intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli, enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) are a group of intracellular pathogens able to enter epithelial cells of colon, multiplicate within them, and move between adjacent cells with a mechanism similar to Shigella, the ethiological agent of bacillary dysentery. Despite EIEC belong to the same pathotype of Shigella, they neither have the full set of traits that define Shigella nor have undergone the extensive gene decay observed in Shigella. Molecular analysis confirms that EIEC are widely distributed among E. coli phylogenetic groups and correspond to bioserotypes found in many E. coli serogroups. Like Shigella, also in EIEC the critical event toward a pathogenic life-style consisted in the acquisition by horizontal gene transfer of a large F-type plasmid (pINV) containing the genes required for invasion, intracellular survival, and spreading through the intestinal mucosa. In Shigella, the ample gain in virulence determinants has been counteracted by a substantial loss of functions that, although important for the survival in the environment, are redundant or deleterious for the life inside the host. The pathoadaptation process that has led Shigella to modify its metabolic profile and increase its pathogenic potential is still in infancy in EIEC, although maintenance of some features typical of E. coli might favor their emerging relevance as intestinal pathogens worldwide, as documented by recent outbreaks in industrialized countries. In this review, we will discuss the evolution of EIEC toward Shigella-like invasive forms going through the epidemiology, including the emergence of new virulent strains, their genome organization, and the complex interactions they establish with the host.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02390/fullpathogenic E. colienteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)Shigellabacterial evolutionemerging EIEC |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Martina Pasqua Valeria Michelacci Maria Letizia Di Martino Rosangela Tozzoli Milena Grossi Bianca Colonna Stefano Morabito Gianni Prosseda |
spellingShingle |
Martina Pasqua Valeria Michelacci Maria Letizia Di Martino Rosangela Tozzoli Milena Grossi Bianca Colonna Stefano Morabito Gianni Prosseda The Intriguing Evolutionary Journey of Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) toward Pathogenicity Frontiers in Microbiology pathogenic E. coli enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) Shigella bacterial evolution emerging EIEC |
author_facet |
Martina Pasqua Valeria Michelacci Maria Letizia Di Martino Rosangela Tozzoli Milena Grossi Bianca Colonna Stefano Morabito Gianni Prosseda |
author_sort |
Martina Pasqua |
title |
The Intriguing Evolutionary Journey of Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) toward Pathogenicity |
title_short |
The Intriguing Evolutionary Journey of Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) toward Pathogenicity |
title_full |
The Intriguing Evolutionary Journey of Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) toward Pathogenicity |
title_fullStr |
The Intriguing Evolutionary Journey of Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) toward Pathogenicity |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Intriguing Evolutionary Journey of Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) toward Pathogenicity |
title_sort |
intriguing evolutionary journey of enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec) toward pathogenicity |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
issn |
1664-302X |
publishDate |
2017-12-01 |
description |
Among the intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli, enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) are a group of intracellular pathogens able to enter epithelial cells of colon, multiplicate within them, and move between adjacent cells with a mechanism similar to Shigella, the ethiological agent of bacillary dysentery. Despite EIEC belong to the same pathotype of Shigella, they neither have the full set of traits that define Shigella nor have undergone the extensive gene decay observed in Shigella. Molecular analysis confirms that EIEC are widely distributed among E. coli phylogenetic groups and correspond to bioserotypes found in many E. coli serogroups. Like Shigella, also in EIEC the critical event toward a pathogenic life-style consisted in the acquisition by horizontal gene transfer of a large F-type plasmid (pINV) containing the genes required for invasion, intracellular survival, and spreading through the intestinal mucosa. In Shigella, the ample gain in virulence determinants has been counteracted by a substantial loss of functions that, although important for the survival in the environment, are redundant or deleterious for the life inside the host. The pathoadaptation process that has led Shigella to modify its metabolic profile and increase its pathogenic potential is still in infancy in EIEC, although maintenance of some features typical of E. coli might favor their emerging relevance as intestinal pathogens worldwide, as documented by recent outbreaks in industrialized countries. In this review, we will discuss the evolution of EIEC toward Shigella-like invasive forms going through the epidemiology, including the emergence of new virulent strains, their genome organization, and the complex interactions they establish with the host. |
topic |
pathogenic E. coli enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) Shigella bacterial evolution emerging EIEC |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02390/full |
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