The anti-phytoalexin gene Bx-cathepsin W supports the survival of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus under Pinus massoniana phytoalexin stress
Abstract Background Pine trees challenged by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus invasion produce phytoalexins to combat this nematode. Nevertheless, the phytoalexins of Asian pine trees are ineffective against B. xylophilus. The anti-phytoalexin genes of B. xylophilus disable almost all Asian pine phytoalex...
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doaj-52da477ff4d041f4b01d76e7aea627a82020-11-25T03:33:34ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642019-10-0120111210.1186/s12864-019-6167-2The anti-phytoalexin gene Bx-cathepsin W supports the survival of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus under Pinus massoniana phytoalexin stressFeng Wang0Qiaoli Chen1Ruizhi Zhang2Danlei Li3Yaming Ling4Ruiqing Song5Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry UniversityKey Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry UniversityKey Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry UniversityKey Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry UniversityKey Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry UniversityKey Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry UniversityAbstract Background Pine trees challenged by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus invasion produce phytoalexins to combat this nematode. Nevertheless, the phytoalexins of Asian pine trees are ineffective against B. xylophilus. The anti-phytoalexin genes of B. xylophilus disable almost all Asian pine phytoalexins, which has allowed B. xylophilus to devastate pine forests in eastern Asia over the last four decades. However, to date, the factors that stimulate anti-phytoalexin gene expression and the mechanisms by which these genes act are not well understood. Results Here, we described anti-phytoalexin genes in B. xylophilus using transcriptomic and bioinformatics analyses. The genes that were induced by both Pinus massoniana and carvone and had similarly elevated expression trends were considered anti-phytoalexin genes. Altogether, 187 anti-phytoalexin genes were identified, including 4 cathepsin genes. KEGG pathway enrichment indicated that those cathepsins were related to the Lysosome pathway. Since cathepsins help to maintain metabolic homeostasis by participating in the degradation of heterophagic and autophagic material, the lysosomal cathepsin gene Bx-cathepsin W was cloned and characterized. The results of the RNAi assessment indicated that the knockdown of Bx-cathepsin W reduced the survival rates of B. xylophilus under carvone or P. massoniana stress. The correlation between Bx-cathepsin W and the susceptibility of pines showed that Bx-cathepsin W might help improve the anti-phytotoxin ability of B. xylophilus. Conclusions The results indicated that the anti-phytoalexin gene Bx-cathepsin W supported the survival of B. xylophilus under P. massoniana phytoalexin stress. The cDNA library sequencing, differentially expressed gene identification, and WGCNA algorithm analysis provided insight at a systemic level into the gene regulation of B. xylophilus in response to the immune reaction of P. massoniana. These results will lead to a better understanding of the function of nematode defenses in host innate immunity.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-019-6167-2PhytoalexinCarvoneBursaphelenchus xylophilusBx-cathepsin WWGCNA |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Feng Wang Qiaoli Chen Ruizhi Zhang Danlei Li Yaming Ling Ruiqing Song |
spellingShingle |
Feng Wang Qiaoli Chen Ruizhi Zhang Danlei Li Yaming Ling Ruiqing Song The anti-phytoalexin gene Bx-cathepsin W supports the survival of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus under Pinus massoniana phytoalexin stress BMC Genomics Phytoalexin Carvone Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Bx-cathepsin W WGCNA |
author_facet |
Feng Wang Qiaoli Chen Ruizhi Zhang Danlei Li Yaming Ling Ruiqing Song |
author_sort |
Feng Wang |
title |
The anti-phytoalexin gene Bx-cathepsin W supports the survival of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus under Pinus massoniana phytoalexin stress |
title_short |
The anti-phytoalexin gene Bx-cathepsin W supports the survival of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus under Pinus massoniana phytoalexin stress |
title_full |
The anti-phytoalexin gene Bx-cathepsin W supports the survival of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus under Pinus massoniana phytoalexin stress |
title_fullStr |
The anti-phytoalexin gene Bx-cathepsin W supports the survival of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus under Pinus massoniana phytoalexin stress |
title_full_unstemmed |
The anti-phytoalexin gene Bx-cathepsin W supports the survival of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus under Pinus massoniana phytoalexin stress |
title_sort |
anti-phytoalexin gene bx-cathepsin w supports the survival of bursaphelenchus xylophilus under pinus massoniana phytoalexin stress |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Genomics |
issn |
1471-2164 |
publishDate |
2019-10-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Pine trees challenged by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus invasion produce phytoalexins to combat this nematode. Nevertheless, the phytoalexins of Asian pine trees are ineffective against B. xylophilus. The anti-phytoalexin genes of B. xylophilus disable almost all Asian pine phytoalexins, which has allowed B. xylophilus to devastate pine forests in eastern Asia over the last four decades. However, to date, the factors that stimulate anti-phytoalexin gene expression and the mechanisms by which these genes act are not well understood. Results Here, we described anti-phytoalexin genes in B. xylophilus using transcriptomic and bioinformatics analyses. The genes that were induced by both Pinus massoniana and carvone and had similarly elevated expression trends were considered anti-phytoalexin genes. Altogether, 187 anti-phytoalexin genes were identified, including 4 cathepsin genes. KEGG pathway enrichment indicated that those cathepsins were related to the Lysosome pathway. Since cathepsins help to maintain metabolic homeostasis by participating in the degradation of heterophagic and autophagic material, the lysosomal cathepsin gene Bx-cathepsin W was cloned and characterized. The results of the RNAi assessment indicated that the knockdown of Bx-cathepsin W reduced the survival rates of B. xylophilus under carvone or P. massoniana stress. The correlation between Bx-cathepsin W and the susceptibility of pines showed that Bx-cathepsin W might help improve the anti-phytotoxin ability of B. xylophilus. Conclusions The results indicated that the anti-phytoalexin gene Bx-cathepsin W supported the survival of B. xylophilus under P. massoniana phytoalexin stress. The cDNA library sequencing, differentially expressed gene identification, and WGCNA algorithm analysis provided insight at a systemic level into the gene regulation of B. xylophilus in response to the immune reaction of P. massoniana. These results will lead to a better understanding of the function of nematode defenses in host innate immunity. |
topic |
Phytoalexin Carvone Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Bx-cathepsin W WGCNA |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-019-6167-2 |
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