How Changes in the Nutritional Landscape Shape Gut Immunometabolism
Cell survival, proliferation and function are energy-demanding processes, fuelled by different metabolic pathways. Immune cells like any other cells will adapt their energy production to their function with specific metabolic pathways characteristic of resting, inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cell...
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doaj-531c205800404e5691d5c5d274d619da2021-03-03T00:04:35ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-03-011382382310.3390/nu13030823How Changes in the Nutritional Landscape Shape Gut ImmunometabolismJian Tan0Duan Ni1Rosilene V Ribeiro2Gabriela V Pinget3Laurence Macia4The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaThe Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaThe Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaThe Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaThe Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaCell survival, proliferation and function are energy-demanding processes, fuelled by different metabolic pathways. Immune cells like any other cells will adapt their energy production to their function with specific metabolic pathways characteristic of resting, inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cells. This concept of immunometabolism is revolutionising the field of immunology, opening the gates for novel therapeutic approaches aimed at altering immune responses through immune metabolic manipulations. The first part of this review will give an extensive overview on the metabolic pathways used by immune cells. Diet is a major source of energy, providing substrates to fuel these different metabolic pathways. Protein, lipid and carbohydrate composition as well as food additives can thus shape the immune response particularly in the gut, the first immune point of contact with food antigens and gastrointestinal tract pathogens. How diet composition might affect gut immunometabolism and its impact on diseases will also be discussed. Finally, the food ingested by the host is also a source of energy for the micro-organisms inhabiting the gut lumen particularly in the colon. The by-products released through the processing of specific nutrients by gut bacteria also influence immune cell activity and differentiation. How bacterial metabolites influence gut immunometabolism will be covered in the third part of this review. This notion of immunometabolism and immune function is recent and a deeper understanding of how lifestyle might influence gut immunometabolism is key to prevent or treat diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/3/823immunometabolismgut immunitynutritiongut microbiota |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jian Tan Duan Ni Rosilene V Ribeiro Gabriela V Pinget Laurence Macia |
spellingShingle |
Jian Tan Duan Ni Rosilene V Ribeiro Gabriela V Pinget Laurence Macia How Changes in the Nutritional Landscape Shape Gut Immunometabolism Nutrients immunometabolism gut immunity nutrition gut microbiota |
author_facet |
Jian Tan Duan Ni Rosilene V Ribeiro Gabriela V Pinget Laurence Macia |
author_sort |
Jian Tan |
title |
How Changes in the Nutritional Landscape Shape Gut Immunometabolism |
title_short |
How Changes in the Nutritional Landscape Shape Gut Immunometabolism |
title_full |
How Changes in the Nutritional Landscape Shape Gut Immunometabolism |
title_fullStr |
How Changes in the Nutritional Landscape Shape Gut Immunometabolism |
title_full_unstemmed |
How Changes in the Nutritional Landscape Shape Gut Immunometabolism |
title_sort |
how changes in the nutritional landscape shape gut immunometabolism |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2021-03-01 |
description |
Cell survival, proliferation and function are energy-demanding processes, fuelled by different metabolic pathways. Immune cells like any other cells will adapt their energy production to their function with specific metabolic pathways characteristic of resting, inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cells. This concept of immunometabolism is revolutionising the field of immunology, opening the gates for novel therapeutic approaches aimed at altering immune responses through immune metabolic manipulations. The first part of this review will give an extensive overview on the metabolic pathways used by immune cells. Diet is a major source of energy, providing substrates to fuel these different metabolic pathways. Protein, lipid and carbohydrate composition as well as food additives can thus shape the immune response particularly in the gut, the first immune point of contact with food antigens and gastrointestinal tract pathogens. How diet composition might affect gut immunometabolism and its impact on diseases will also be discussed. Finally, the food ingested by the host is also a source of energy for the micro-organisms inhabiting the gut lumen particularly in the colon. The by-products released through the processing of specific nutrients by gut bacteria also influence immune cell activity and differentiation. How bacterial metabolites influence gut immunometabolism will be covered in the third part of this review. This notion of immunometabolism and immune function is recent and a deeper understanding of how lifestyle might influence gut immunometabolism is key to prevent or treat diseases. |
topic |
immunometabolism gut immunity nutrition gut microbiota |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/3/823 |
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