tRNA cleavage: a new insight
Over the past decades, tRNA was found to be a rich hub of RNA modifications such as 1-methyladenosine and 5-methycytosine modifications and others, holding more than half of all modifications occurring in RNA molecules. Moreover, tRNA was discovered to be a source of various small noncoding RNA spec...
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doaj-5383e31a249b4688855976592a9076cb2020-11-25T02:10:10ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsNeural Regeneration Research1673-53742020-01-01151475210.4103/1673-5374.264447tRNA cleavage: a new insightSherif RashadKuniyasu NiizumaTeiji TominagaOver the past decades, tRNA was found to be a rich hub of RNA modifications such as 1-methyladenosine and 5-methycytosine modifications and others, holding more than half of all modifications occurring in RNA molecules. Moreover, tRNA was discovered to be a source of various small noncoding RNA species, such as the stress induced angiogenin cleaved tRNA halves (tiRNA) or the miRNA like tRNA derived fragments. tRNA cleavage under stress was fist discovered in bacteria and later was found to be conserved across different species, including mammals. Under cellular stress conditions, tRNA undergoes conformational changes and angiogenin cleaves it into 3′ and 5′ halves. 5′tiRNA halves were shown to repress protein translations. tRNA cleavage is thought of to be a cytoprotective mechanism by which cells evade apoptosis, however some data hints to the opposite; that tiRNA are cytotoxic or at least related to apoptosis initiation. tRNA cleavage also was shown to be affected by tRNA modifications via different enzymes in the cytosol and mitochondria. In this review, we will highlight the biology of tRNA cleavage, show the evidence of it being cytoprotective or a marker of cell death and shed a light on its role in disease models and human diseases as well as possible future directions in this field of RNA research.http://www.nrronline.org/article.asp?issn=1673-5374;year=2020;volume=15;issue=1;spage=47;epage=52;aulast=Rashadangiogenin; apoptosis; cell stress; RNA modification; stress granules; stroke; tiRNA; translation repression; tRNA; tRNA cleavage |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sherif Rashad Kuniyasu Niizuma Teiji Tominaga |
spellingShingle |
Sherif Rashad Kuniyasu Niizuma Teiji Tominaga tRNA cleavage: a new insight Neural Regeneration Research angiogenin; apoptosis; cell stress; RNA modification; stress granules; stroke; tiRNA; translation repression; tRNA; tRNA cleavage |
author_facet |
Sherif Rashad Kuniyasu Niizuma Teiji Tominaga |
author_sort |
Sherif Rashad |
title |
tRNA cleavage: a new insight |
title_short |
tRNA cleavage: a new insight |
title_full |
tRNA cleavage: a new insight |
title_fullStr |
tRNA cleavage: a new insight |
title_full_unstemmed |
tRNA cleavage: a new insight |
title_sort |
trna cleavage: a new insight |
publisher |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
series |
Neural Regeneration Research |
issn |
1673-5374 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
Over the past decades, tRNA was found to be a rich hub of RNA modifications such as 1-methyladenosine and 5-methycytosine modifications and others, holding more than half of all modifications occurring in RNA molecules. Moreover, tRNA was discovered to be a source of various small noncoding RNA species, such as the stress induced angiogenin cleaved tRNA halves (tiRNA) or the miRNA like tRNA derived fragments. tRNA cleavage under stress was fist discovered in bacteria and later was found to be conserved across different species, including mammals. Under cellular stress conditions, tRNA undergoes conformational changes and angiogenin cleaves it into 3′ and 5′ halves. 5′tiRNA halves were shown to repress protein translations. tRNA cleavage is thought of to be a cytoprotective mechanism by which cells evade apoptosis, however some data hints to the opposite; that tiRNA are cytotoxic or at least related to apoptosis initiation. tRNA cleavage also was shown to be affected by tRNA modifications via different enzymes in the cytosol and mitochondria. In this review, we will highlight the biology of tRNA cleavage, show the evidence of it being cytoprotective or a marker of cell death and shed a light on its role in disease models and human diseases as well as possible future directions in this field of RNA research. |
topic |
angiogenin; apoptosis; cell stress; RNA modification; stress granules; stroke; tiRNA; translation repression; tRNA; tRNA cleavage |
url |
http://www.nrronline.org/article.asp?issn=1673-5374;year=2020;volume=15;issue=1;spage=47;epage=52;aulast=Rashad |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT sherifrashad trnacleavageanewinsight AT kuniyasuniizuma trnacleavageanewinsight AT teijitominaga trnacleavageanewinsight |
_version_ |
1724920447722586112 |