Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and the Suitability of Groundwater in the Alluvial-Diluvial Plain of Southwest Shandong Province, China
The alluvial-diluvial plain of southwest Shandong Province is an important agricultural economic zone and energy base in Shandong Province. Groundwater plays an extremely significant role in the development of the regional social economy. In this study, 50 sets of water samples, collected from 25 we...
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doaj-53f7848ef853471bade46497b3356f822020-11-25T02:16:12ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412019-07-01118157710.3390/w11081577w11081577Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and the Suitability of Groundwater in the Alluvial-Diluvial Plain of Southwest Shandong Province, ChinaZongjun Gao0Jiutan Liu1Jianguo Feng2Min Wang3Guangwei Wu4College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaCollege of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaCollege of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaCollege of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaShandong Geological Environmental Monitoring Station, Jinan 250014, ChinaThe alluvial-diluvial plain of southwest Shandong Province is an important agricultural economic zone and energy base in Shandong Province. Groundwater plays an extremely significant role in the development of the regional social economy. In this study, 50 sets of water samples, collected from 25 wells during October 2016 and June 2017, were utilized to determine the hydrogeochemistry and the suitability of groundwater in the alluvial-diluvial plain of southwest Shandong Province for different applications, such as drinking and irrigation. Most of the water samples could be classified as hard-fresh water or hard-brackish water, and the dominant water types were HCO<sub>3</sub>-Na and mixed types. Water-rock interactions and evaporation were the dominant controlling factors in the formation of the hydrochemical components in the groundwater. Dissolutions of silicate, calcite, dolomite, and gypsum are the major reactions contributing and defining the groundwater chemistry in this plain. Moreover, cation exchange is a non-negligible hydrogeochemical process in this plain. Calculated saturation index (SI) values indicate that aragonite, calcite and dolomite are saturated, while the SI values for gypsum and halite are unsaturated. Based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the groundwater quality ranges from excellent to very poor. More than 50% of all groundwater samples from 2016 are categorized as poor or very poor, suggesting that the water from these wells is not suitable for drinking. According to the sodium adsorption ratio and percentage sodium, most of the samples are suitable for agricultural irrigation. Overall, the quality of the groundwater in 2017 was found to be better than in 2016.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/8/1577groundwaterhydrogeochemical characteristicswater quality assessmentalluvial-diluvial plain of southwest Shandong Province |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Zongjun Gao Jiutan Liu Jianguo Feng Min Wang Guangwei Wu |
spellingShingle |
Zongjun Gao Jiutan Liu Jianguo Feng Min Wang Guangwei Wu Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and the Suitability of Groundwater in the Alluvial-Diluvial Plain of Southwest Shandong Province, China Water groundwater hydrogeochemical characteristics water quality assessment alluvial-diluvial plain of southwest Shandong Province |
author_facet |
Zongjun Gao Jiutan Liu Jianguo Feng Min Wang Guangwei Wu |
author_sort |
Zongjun Gao |
title |
Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and the Suitability of Groundwater in the Alluvial-Diluvial Plain of Southwest Shandong Province, China |
title_short |
Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and the Suitability of Groundwater in the Alluvial-Diluvial Plain of Southwest Shandong Province, China |
title_full |
Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and the Suitability of Groundwater in the Alluvial-Diluvial Plain of Southwest Shandong Province, China |
title_fullStr |
Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and the Suitability of Groundwater in the Alluvial-Diluvial Plain of Southwest Shandong Province, China |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and the Suitability of Groundwater in the Alluvial-Diluvial Plain of Southwest Shandong Province, China |
title_sort |
hydrogeochemical characteristics and the suitability of groundwater in the alluvial-diluvial plain of southwest shandong province, china |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Water |
issn |
2073-4441 |
publishDate |
2019-07-01 |
description |
The alluvial-diluvial plain of southwest Shandong Province is an important agricultural economic zone and energy base in Shandong Province. Groundwater plays an extremely significant role in the development of the regional social economy. In this study, 50 sets of water samples, collected from 25 wells during October 2016 and June 2017, were utilized to determine the hydrogeochemistry and the suitability of groundwater in the alluvial-diluvial plain of southwest Shandong Province for different applications, such as drinking and irrigation. Most of the water samples could be classified as hard-fresh water or hard-brackish water, and the dominant water types were HCO<sub>3</sub>-Na and mixed types. Water-rock interactions and evaporation were the dominant controlling factors in the formation of the hydrochemical components in the groundwater. Dissolutions of silicate, calcite, dolomite, and gypsum are the major reactions contributing and defining the groundwater chemistry in this plain. Moreover, cation exchange is a non-negligible hydrogeochemical process in this plain. Calculated saturation index (SI) values indicate that aragonite, calcite and dolomite are saturated, while the SI values for gypsum and halite are unsaturated. Based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the groundwater quality ranges from excellent to very poor. More than 50% of all groundwater samples from 2016 are categorized as poor or very poor, suggesting that the water from these wells is not suitable for drinking. According to the sodium adsorption ratio and percentage sodium, most of the samples are suitable for agricultural irrigation. Overall, the quality of the groundwater in 2017 was found to be better than in 2016. |
topic |
groundwater hydrogeochemical characteristics water quality assessment alluvial-diluvial plain of southwest Shandong Province |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/8/1577 |
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