Enhancement of Oil Palm Waste Nanoparticles on the Properties and Characterization of Hybrid Plywood Biocomposites
Using oil palm trunk (OPT) layered with empty fruit bunch (EFB), so-called hybrid plywood enhanced with palm oil ash nanoparticles, with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin as a binder, was produced in this study. The phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins filled with different loading of oil palm ash (OPA) nan...
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doaj-544dfb8fe2714952b5d388188099de9c2020-11-25T03:28:00ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602020-04-01121007100710.3390/polym12051007Enhancement of Oil Palm Waste Nanoparticles on the Properties and Characterization of Hybrid Plywood BiocompositesArif Nuryawan0C. K. Abdullah1Che Mohamad Hazwan2N. G. Olaiya3Esam Bashir Yahya4Iwan Risnasari5Nanang Masruchin6M. S. Baharudin7Hasmawi Khalid8H. P. S. Abdul Khalil9Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, IndonesiaSchool of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, MalaysiaSchool of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, MalaysiaSchool of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, MalaysiaSchool of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, MalaysiaDepartment of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, IndonesiaResearch Centre for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), JI.Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, IndonesiaSchool of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, MalaysiaPoliteknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, Persiaran usahawan, Seksyen U1, Shah Alam 40150, MalaysiaSchool of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, MalaysiaUsing oil palm trunk (OPT) layered with empty fruit bunch (EFB), so-called hybrid plywood enhanced with palm oil ash nanoparticles, with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin as a binder, was produced in this study. The phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins filled with different loading of oil palm ash (OPA) nanoparticles were prepared and used as glue for layers of the oil palm trunk (OPT) veneer and empty fruit bunch fibre mat. The resulting hybrid plywood produced was characterised. The physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the hybrid plywood panels were investigated. The results obtained showed that the presence of OPA nanoparticles significantly affected the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the plywood panels. Significant improvements in dimension from water absorption and thickness swelling experiments were obtained for the plywood panels with the highest OPA nanoparticles loading in PF resin. The mechanical properties indicated that plywood composites showed improvement in flexural, shear, and impact properties until a certain loading of OPA nanoparticles in PF resin. Fracture surface morphology also showed the effectiveness of OPA nanoparticles in the reduction of layer breakage due to force and stress distribution. The thermal stability performance showed that PF filled OPA nanoparticles contributed to the thermal stability of the plywood panels. Therefore, the results obtained in this study showed that OPA nanoparticles certainly improved the characteristic of the hybrid plywood.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/5/1007nanoparticlehybridplywoodmechanicalpalm fruit fibre |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Arif Nuryawan C. K. Abdullah Che Mohamad Hazwan N. G. Olaiya Esam Bashir Yahya Iwan Risnasari Nanang Masruchin M. S. Baharudin Hasmawi Khalid H. P. S. Abdul Khalil |
spellingShingle |
Arif Nuryawan C. K. Abdullah Che Mohamad Hazwan N. G. Olaiya Esam Bashir Yahya Iwan Risnasari Nanang Masruchin M. S. Baharudin Hasmawi Khalid H. P. S. Abdul Khalil Enhancement of Oil Palm Waste Nanoparticles on the Properties and Characterization of Hybrid Plywood Biocomposites Polymers nanoparticle hybrid plywood mechanical palm fruit fibre |
author_facet |
Arif Nuryawan C. K. Abdullah Che Mohamad Hazwan N. G. Olaiya Esam Bashir Yahya Iwan Risnasari Nanang Masruchin M. S. Baharudin Hasmawi Khalid H. P. S. Abdul Khalil |
author_sort |
Arif Nuryawan |
title |
Enhancement of Oil Palm Waste Nanoparticles on the Properties and Characterization of Hybrid Plywood Biocomposites |
title_short |
Enhancement of Oil Palm Waste Nanoparticles on the Properties and Characterization of Hybrid Plywood Biocomposites |
title_full |
Enhancement of Oil Palm Waste Nanoparticles on the Properties and Characterization of Hybrid Plywood Biocomposites |
title_fullStr |
Enhancement of Oil Palm Waste Nanoparticles on the Properties and Characterization of Hybrid Plywood Biocomposites |
title_full_unstemmed |
Enhancement of Oil Palm Waste Nanoparticles on the Properties and Characterization of Hybrid Plywood Biocomposites |
title_sort |
enhancement of oil palm waste nanoparticles on the properties and characterization of hybrid plywood biocomposites |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Polymers |
issn |
2073-4360 |
publishDate |
2020-04-01 |
description |
Using oil palm trunk (OPT) layered with empty fruit bunch (EFB), so-called hybrid plywood enhanced with palm oil ash nanoparticles, with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin as a binder, was produced in this study. The phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins filled with different loading of oil palm ash (OPA) nanoparticles were prepared and used as glue for layers of the oil palm trunk (OPT) veneer and empty fruit bunch fibre mat. The resulting hybrid plywood produced was characterised. The physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the hybrid plywood panels were investigated. The results obtained showed that the presence of OPA nanoparticles significantly affected the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the plywood panels. Significant improvements in dimension from water absorption and thickness swelling experiments were obtained for the plywood panels with the highest OPA nanoparticles loading in PF resin. The mechanical properties indicated that plywood composites showed improvement in flexural, shear, and impact properties until a certain loading of OPA nanoparticles in PF resin. Fracture surface morphology also showed the effectiveness of OPA nanoparticles in the reduction of layer breakage due to force and stress distribution. The thermal stability performance showed that PF filled OPA nanoparticles contributed to the thermal stability of the plywood panels. Therefore, the results obtained in this study showed that OPA nanoparticles certainly improved the characteristic of the hybrid plywood. |
topic |
nanoparticle hybrid plywood mechanical palm fruit fibre |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/5/1007 |
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