The relationship of different levels of high iodine and goiter in school children: a meta-analysis
Abstract Background Over the past decade, the phenomenon of high urine iodine (HUI) and high water iodine (HWI) has become more common. But the risk of goiter caused by different levels of HUI and HWI remains unclear. Objectives To explore the risk of goiter development caused by HUI and HWI, and co...
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doaj-550c977b02e3435e93403bef21f0de582021-05-09T11:44:03ZengBMCNutrition & Metabolism1743-70752021-05-011811910.1186/s12986-021-00563-2The relationship of different levels of high iodine and goiter in school children: a meta-analysisTingting Xu0Zhiyuan Ren1Shaohan Li2Long Tan3Wanqi Zhang4Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical UniversityAbstract Background Over the past decade, the phenomenon of high urine iodine (HUI) and high water iodine (HWI) has become more common. But the risk of goiter caused by different levels of HUI and HWI remains unclear. Objectives To explore the risk of goiter development caused by HUI and HWI, and compare the risk of goiter development from different levels of high iodine. Methods The Medline, Cochrane library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wan fang databases were searched for relevant population-based studies investigating the link between high iodine levels and goiter development in mainland China. Three reviewers extracted data from the included studies independently, assessing the prevalence of goiter development due to high iodine. Results Taking 100 μg/L ≤ UIC < 300 μg/L (UIC = urinary iodine concentration) as the reference group, the odds ratio (OR) regarding high iodine levels and goiter formation was 1.74 (95% CI 1.50, 2.01, P < 0.001), if the water iodine concentration (WIC) was greater than 100 μg/L, the OR between goiter development and WIC was 4.74 (95% CI 1.15, 19.46, P = 0.001). The Linear trend analysis of HUI and goiter showed that the prevalence of goiter increased with the increase of UIC (χ2 = 734.605, P < 0.001). Conclusions When the UIC ≥ 300 μg/L or the WIC ≥ 100 μg/L, the risk of goiter will increase. The higher the UIC, the greater the risk of goiter development. In order to improve the public thyroid health, we should adhere to the monitoring of urinary iodine and water iodine, and keep them at an appropriate level. Trial registration PROSPEROCR, CRD42020197620. Registered 8 August 2020, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ .https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-021-00563-2High urinary iodineHigh water iodineGoiterSchool childrenMeta-analysis |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Tingting Xu Zhiyuan Ren Shaohan Li Long Tan Wanqi Zhang |
spellingShingle |
Tingting Xu Zhiyuan Ren Shaohan Li Long Tan Wanqi Zhang The relationship of different levels of high iodine and goiter in school children: a meta-analysis Nutrition & Metabolism High urinary iodine High water iodine Goiter School children Meta-analysis |
author_facet |
Tingting Xu Zhiyuan Ren Shaohan Li Long Tan Wanqi Zhang |
author_sort |
Tingting Xu |
title |
The relationship of different levels of high iodine and goiter in school children: a meta-analysis |
title_short |
The relationship of different levels of high iodine and goiter in school children: a meta-analysis |
title_full |
The relationship of different levels of high iodine and goiter in school children: a meta-analysis |
title_fullStr |
The relationship of different levels of high iodine and goiter in school children: a meta-analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
The relationship of different levels of high iodine and goiter in school children: a meta-analysis |
title_sort |
relationship of different levels of high iodine and goiter in school children: a meta-analysis |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Nutrition & Metabolism |
issn |
1743-7075 |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Over the past decade, the phenomenon of high urine iodine (HUI) and high water iodine (HWI) has become more common. But the risk of goiter caused by different levels of HUI and HWI remains unclear. Objectives To explore the risk of goiter development caused by HUI and HWI, and compare the risk of goiter development from different levels of high iodine. Methods The Medline, Cochrane library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wan fang databases were searched for relevant population-based studies investigating the link between high iodine levels and goiter development in mainland China. Three reviewers extracted data from the included studies independently, assessing the prevalence of goiter development due to high iodine. Results Taking 100 μg/L ≤ UIC < 300 μg/L (UIC = urinary iodine concentration) as the reference group, the odds ratio (OR) regarding high iodine levels and goiter formation was 1.74 (95% CI 1.50, 2.01, P < 0.001), if the water iodine concentration (WIC) was greater than 100 μg/L, the OR between goiter development and WIC was 4.74 (95% CI 1.15, 19.46, P = 0.001). The Linear trend analysis of HUI and goiter showed that the prevalence of goiter increased with the increase of UIC (χ2 = 734.605, P < 0.001). Conclusions When the UIC ≥ 300 μg/L or the WIC ≥ 100 μg/L, the risk of goiter will increase. The higher the UIC, the greater the risk of goiter development. In order to improve the public thyroid health, we should adhere to the monitoring of urinary iodine and water iodine, and keep them at an appropriate level. Trial registration PROSPEROCR, CRD42020197620. Registered 8 August 2020, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ . |
topic |
High urinary iodine High water iodine Goiter School children Meta-analysis |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-021-00563-2 |
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