Monobutyrin and Monovalerin Affect Brain Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles and Tight-Junction Protein Expression in ApoE-Knockout Rats Fed High-Fat Diets
Monobutyrin (MB) and monovalerin (MV), esters of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have previously been shown to reduce liver cholesterol and inflammation in conventional rats fed high-fat diets. This study explored the potential effects of MB and MV in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E-knockout...
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doaj-55202b820e0541cd98ef53721a09a82d2020-11-25T02:37:36ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-04-01121202120210.3390/nu12041202Monobutyrin and Monovalerin Affect Brain Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles and Tight-Junction Protein Expression in ApoE-Knockout Rats Fed High-Fat DietsThao Duy Nguyen0Frida Fåk Hållenius1Xue Lin2Margareta Nyman3Olena Prykhodko4Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, SwedenDepartment of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, SwedenDepartment of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, SwedenDepartment of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, SwedenDepartment of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, SwedenMonobutyrin (MB) and monovalerin (MV), esters of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have previously been shown to reduce liver cholesterol and inflammation in conventional rats fed high-fat diets. This study explored the potential effects of MB and MV in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/-) rats. ApoE-/- rats were fed three high-fat (HF) diets, pure or supplemented with MB or MV (1%), for 5 weeks. One group of conventional rats (C) was also fed the pure high-fat diet and another group of ApoE-/- rats a low-fat (LF) diet. Blood and liver lipids, urinary lactulose/mannitol, SCFAs (blood and brain), tight junction proteins (small intestine and brain), and inflammation-related markers (blood, brain, and liver) were analyzed. MV supplementation elevated serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and valeric acid concentration (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while the amounts of isovaleric acid in the brain were reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05). MB increased butyric acid amounts in the brain, while the plasma concentration of interleukin 10 (IL-10) was lowered (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Both MV and MB upregulated the expression of occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the brain (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Supplementation of MB or MV affected HDL cholesterol, the expression of tight junction proteins, and SCFA profiles. MB and MV may therefore be promising supplements to attenuate lipid metabolic disorders caused by high-fat intake and genetic deficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/4/1202SCFAscholesterolbutyric acidgut–brain axisvaleric acidisovaleric acid |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Thao Duy Nguyen Frida Fåk Hållenius Xue Lin Margareta Nyman Olena Prykhodko |
spellingShingle |
Thao Duy Nguyen Frida Fåk Hållenius Xue Lin Margareta Nyman Olena Prykhodko Monobutyrin and Monovalerin Affect Brain Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles and Tight-Junction Protein Expression in ApoE-Knockout Rats Fed High-Fat Diets Nutrients SCFAs cholesterol butyric acid gut–brain axis valeric acid isovaleric acid |
author_facet |
Thao Duy Nguyen Frida Fåk Hållenius Xue Lin Margareta Nyman Olena Prykhodko |
author_sort |
Thao Duy Nguyen |
title |
Monobutyrin and Monovalerin Affect Brain Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles and Tight-Junction Protein Expression in ApoE-Knockout Rats Fed High-Fat Diets |
title_short |
Monobutyrin and Monovalerin Affect Brain Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles and Tight-Junction Protein Expression in ApoE-Knockout Rats Fed High-Fat Diets |
title_full |
Monobutyrin and Monovalerin Affect Brain Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles and Tight-Junction Protein Expression in ApoE-Knockout Rats Fed High-Fat Diets |
title_fullStr |
Monobutyrin and Monovalerin Affect Brain Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles and Tight-Junction Protein Expression in ApoE-Knockout Rats Fed High-Fat Diets |
title_full_unstemmed |
Monobutyrin and Monovalerin Affect Brain Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles and Tight-Junction Protein Expression in ApoE-Knockout Rats Fed High-Fat Diets |
title_sort |
monobutyrin and monovalerin affect brain short-chain fatty acid profiles and tight-junction protein expression in apoe-knockout rats fed high-fat diets |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2020-04-01 |
description |
Monobutyrin (MB) and monovalerin (MV), esters of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have previously been shown to reduce liver cholesterol and inflammation in conventional rats fed high-fat diets. This study explored the potential effects of MB and MV in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/-) rats. ApoE-/- rats were fed three high-fat (HF) diets, pure or supplemented with MB or MV (1%), for 5 weeks. One group of conventional rats (C) was also fed the pure high-fat diet and another group of ApoE-/- rats a low-fat (LF) diet. Blood and liver lipids, urinary lactulose/mannitol, SCFAs (blood and brain), tight junction proteins (small intestine and brain), and inflammation-related markers (blood, brain, and liver) were analyzed. MV supplementation elevated serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and valeric acid concentration (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while the amounts of isovaleric acid in the brain were reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05). MB increased butyric acid amounts in the brain, while the plasma concentration of interleukin 10 (IL-10) was lowered (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Both MV and MB upregulated the expression of occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the brain (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Supplementation of MB or MV affected HDL cholesterol, the expression of tight junction proteins, and SCFA profiles. MB and MV may therefore be promising supplements to attenuate lipid metabolic disorders caused by high-fat intake and genetic deficiency. |
topic |
SCFAs cholesterol butyric acid gut–brain axis valeric acid isovaleric acid |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/4/1202 |
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