Escherichia coli strains producing a novel Shiga toxin 2 subtype circulate in China
Shiga toxin (Stx) is the key virulence factor in Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC), which can cause diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis with life-threatening complications. Stx comprises two toxin types, Stx1 and Stx2. Several Stx1/Stx2 subtypes have been identified in E. coli, which are va...
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020-01-01
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Series: | International Journal of Medical Microbiology |
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Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438422119304618 |
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doaj-555cf8e9fd1f40aca031e978262896b8 |
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record_format |
Article |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Xi Yang Xiangning Bai Ji Zhang Hui Sun Shanshan Fu Ruyue Fan Xiaohua He Flemming Scheutz Andreas Matussek Yanwen Xiong |
spellingShingle |
Xi Yang Xiangning Bai Ji Zhang Hui Sun Shanshan Fu Ruyue Fan Xiaohua He Flemming Scheutz Andreas Matussek Yanwen Xiong Escherichia coli strains producing a novel Shiga toxin 2 subtype circulate in China International Journal of Medical Microbiology Escherichia coli Shiga toxin (Stx) Stx-converting prophage Diarrhea Whole-genome sequencing |
author_facet |
Xi Yang Xiangning Bai Ji Zhang Hui Sun Shanshan Fu Ruyue Fan Xiaohua He Flemming Scheutz Andreas Matussek Yanwen Xiong |
author_sort |
Xi Yang |
title |
Escherichia coli strains producing a novel Shiga toxin 2 subtype circulate in China |
title_short |
Escherichia coli strains producing a novel Shiga toxin 2 subtype circulate in China |
title_full |
Escherichia coli strains producing a novel Shiga toxin 2 subtype circulate in China |
title_fullStr |
Escherichia coli strains producing a novel Shiga toxin 2 subtype circulate in China |
title_full_unstemmed |
Escherichia coli strains producing a novel Shiga toxin 2 subtype circulate in China |
title_sort |
escherichia coli strains producing a novel shiga toxin 2 subtype circulate in china |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
International Journal of Medical Microbiology |
issn |
1438-4221 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
Shiga toxin (Stx) is the key virulence factor in Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC), which can cause diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis with life-threatening complications. Stx comprises two toxin types, Stx1 and Stx2. Several Stx1/Stx2 subtypes have been identified in E. coli, which are variable in sequences, toxicity and host specificity. Here, we report the identification of a novel Stx2 subtype, designated Stx2k, in E. coli strains widely detected from diarrheal patients, animals, and raw meats in China over time. Stx2k exhibits varied cytotoxicity in vitro among individual strains. The Stx2k converting prophages displayed considerable heterogeneity in terms of insertion site, genetic content and structure. Whole genome analysis revealed that the stx2k-containing strains were genetically heterogeneous with diverse serotypes, sequence types, and virulence gene profiles. The nine stx2k-containing strains formed two major phylogenetic clusters closely with strains belonging to STEC, enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), and STEC/ETEC hybrid. One stx2k-containing strain harbored one plasmid-encoded heat-stable enterotoxin sta gene and two identical copies of chromosome-encoded stb gene, exhibiting STEC/ETEC hybrid pathotype. Our finding enlarges the pool of Stx2 subtypes and highlights the extraordinary genomic plasticity of STEC strains. Given the wide distribution of the Stx2k-producing strains in diverse sources and their pathogenic potential, Stx2k should be taken into account in epidemiological surveillance of STEC infections and clinical diagnosis. |
topic |
Escherichia coli Shiga toxin (Stx) Stx-converting prophage Diarrhea Whole-genome sequencing |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438422119304618 |
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doaj-555cf8e9fd1f40aca031e978262896b82021-06-05T06:03:52ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Medical Microbiology1438-42212020-01-013101Escherichia coli strains producing a novel Shiga toxin 2 subtype circulate in ChinaXi Yang0Xiangning Bai1Ji Zhang2Hui Sun3Shanshan Fu4Ruyue Fan5Xiaohua He6Flemming Scheutz7Andreas Matussek8Yanwen Xiong9State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, SwedenEpiLab, New Zealand Food Safety Science & Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, New ZealandState Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, ChinaWestern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, USAThe International Centre for Reference and Research on Escherichia and Klebsiella, Unit of Foodborne Bacteria and Typing, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, DenmarkDivision of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, SwedenState Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Corresponding author at: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China.Shiga toxin (Stx) is the key virulence factor in Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC), which can cause diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis with life-threatening complications. Stx comprises two toxin types, Stx1 and Stx2. Several Stx1/Stx2 subtypes have been identified in E. coli, which are variable in sequences, toxicity and host specificity. Here, we report the identification of a novel Stx2 subtype, designated Stx2k, in E. coli strains widely detected from diarrheal patients, animals, and raw meats in China over time. Stx2k exhibits varied cytotoxicity in vitro among individual strains. The Stx2k converting prophages displayed considerable heterogeneity in terms of insertion site, genetic content and structure. Whole genome analysis revealed that the stx2k-containing strains were genetically heterogeneous with diverse serotypes, sequence types, and virulence gene profiles. The nine stx2k-containing strains formed two major phylogenetic clusters closely with strains belonging to STEC, enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), and STEC/ETEC hybrid. One stx2k-containing strain harbored one plasmid-encoded heat-stable enterotoxin sta gene and two identical copies of chromosome-encoded stb gene, exhibiting STEC/ETEC hybrid pathotype. Our finding enlarges the pool of Stx2 subtypes and highlights the extraordinary genomic plasticity of STEC strains. Given the wide distribution of the Stx2k-producing strains in diverse sources and their pathogenic potential, Stx2k should be taken into account in epidemiological surveillance of STEC infections and clinical diagnosis.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438422119304618Escherichia coliShiga toxin (Stx)Stx-converting prophageDiarrheaWhole-genome sequencing |