Hospitalization Costs of COVID-19 Cases and Their Associated Factors in Guangdong, China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant challenges to health system and consumed a lot of health resources. However, evidence on the hospitalization costs and their associated factors in COVID-19 cases is scarce.Objectives: To describe the total and components of hospitaliz...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-06-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Medicine |
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Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.655231/full |
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Article |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Moran Dong Moran Dong Zuyao Yang Yingyao Chen Jiufeng Sun Wenjun Ma Shouzhen Cheng Xiaoli Sun Jianpeng Xiao Guanhao He Jianxiong Hu Jiaqi Wang Guimin Chen He Zhou Lixia Yuan Jiali Li Xuan Li Hui Xu Hui Xu Ruijie Wang Dengzhou Chen Ming Fang Ming Fang Tao Liu Tao Liu |
spellingShingle |
Moran Dong Moran Dong Zuyao Yang Yingyao Chen Jiufeng Sun Wenjun Ma Shouzhen Cheng Xiaoli Sun Jianpeng Xiao Guanhao He Jianxiong Hu Jiaqi Wang Guimin Chen He Zhou Lixia Yuan Jiali Li Xuan Li Hui Xu Hui Xu Ruijie Wang Dengzhou Chen Ming Fang Ming Fang Tao Liu Tao Liu Hospitalization Costs of COVID-19 Cases and Their Associated Factors in Guangdong, China: A Cross-Sectional Study Frontiers in Medicine COVID-19 hospitalization costs associated factors traditional Chinese medicine therapy China |
author_facet |
Moran Dong Moran Dong Zuyao Yang Yingyao Chen Jiufeng Sun Wenjun Ma Shouzhen Cheng Xiaoli Sun Jianpeng Xiao Guanhao He Jianxiong Hu Jiaqi Wang Guimin Chen He Zhou Lixia Yuan Jiali Li Xuan Li Hui Xu Hui Xu Ruijie Wang Dengzhou Chen Ming Fang Ming Fang Tao Liu Tao Liu |
author_sort |
Moran Dong |
title |
Hospitalization Costs of COVID-19 Cases and Their Associated Factors in Guangdong, China: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_short |
Hospitalization Costs of COVID-19 Cases and Their Associated Factors in Guangdong, China: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_full |
Hospitalization Costs of COVID-19 Cases and Their Associated Factors in Guangdong, China: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_fullStr |
Hospitalization Costs of COVID-19 Cases and Their Associated Factors in Guangdong, China: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hospitalization Costs of COVID-19 Cases and Their Associated Factors in Guangdong, China: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_sort |
hospitalization costs of covid-19 cases and their associated factors in guangdong, china: a cross-sectional study |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Medicine |
issn |
2296-858X |
publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
description |
Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant challenges to health system and consumed a lot of health resources. However, evidence on the hospitalization costs and their associated factors in COVID-19 cases is scarce.Objectives: To describe the total and components of hospitalization costs of COVID-19 cases, and investigate the associated factors of costs.Methods: We included 876 confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted to 33 designated hospitals from January 15th to April 27th, 2020 in Guangdong, China, and collected their demographic and clinical information. A multiple linear regression model was performed to estimate the associations of hospitalization costs with potential associated factors.Results: The median of total hospitalization costs of COVID-19 cases was $2,869.4 (IQR: $3,916.8). We found higher total costs in male (% difference: 29.7, 95% CI: 15.5, 45.6) than in female cases, in older cases than in younger ones, in severe cases (% difference: 344.8, 95% CI: 222.5, 513.6) than in mild ones, in cases with clinical aggravation than those without, in cases with clinical symptoms (% difference: 47.7, 95% CI: 26.2, 72.9) than those without, and in cases with comorbidities (% difference: 21.1%, 21.1, 95% CI: 4.4, 40.6) than those without. We also found lower non-pharmacologic therapy costs in cases treated with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy (% difference: −47.4, 95% CI: −64.5 to −22.0) than cases without.Conclusion: The hospitalization costs of COVID-19 cases in Guangdong were comparable to the national level. Factors associated with higher hospitalization costs included sex, older age, clinical severity and aggravation, clinical symptoms and comorbidities at admission. TCM therapy was found to be associated with lower costs for some non-pharmacologic therapies. |
topic |
COVID-19 hospitalization costs associated factors traditional Chinese medicine therapy China |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.655231/full |
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doaj-56218cbf86e9490190138bdd096911b82021-06-11T07:55:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2021-06-01810.3389/fmed.2021.655231655231Hospitalization Costs of COVID-19 Cases and Their Associated Factors in Guangdong, China: A Cross-Sectional StudyMoran Dong0Moran Dong1Zuyao Yang2Yingyao Chen3Jiufeng Sun4Wenjun Ma5Shouzhen Cheng6Xiaoli Sun7Jianpeng Xiao8Guanhao He9Jianxiong Hu10Jiaqi Wang11Guimin Chen12He Zhou13Lixia Yuan14Jiali Li15Xuan Li16Hui Xu17Hui Xu18Ruijie Wang19Dengzhou Chen20Ming Fang21Ming Fang22Tao Liu23Tao Liu24Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaJC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, ChinaNursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaGynecology Department, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Exercise Science and Health, Guangxi College of Physical Education, Nanning, ChinaDepartment of Intensive Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Intensive Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital-Nanhai Hospital, Foshan, China0School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Intensive Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Intensive Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital-Nanhai Hospital, Foshan, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China1School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, ChinaBackground: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant challenges to health system and consumed a lot of health resources. However, evidence on the hospitalization costs and their associated factors in COVID-19 cases is scarce.Objectives: To describe the total and components of hospitalization costs of COVID-19 cases, and investigate the associated factors of costs.Methods: We included 876 confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted to 33 designated hospitals from January 15th to April 27th, 2020 in Guangdong, China, and collected their demographic and clinical information. A multiple linear regression model was performed to estimate the associations of hospitalization costs with potential associated factors.Results: The median of total hospitalization costs of COVID-19 cases was $2,869.4 (IQR: $3,916.8). We found higher total costs in male (% difference: 29.7, 95% CI: 15.5, 45.6) than in female cases, in older cases than in younger ones, in severe cases (% difference: 344.8, 95% CI: 222.5, 513.6) than in mild ones, in cases with clinical aggravation than those without, in cases with clinical symptoms (% difference: 47.7, 95% CI: 26.2, 72.9) than those without, and in cases with comorbidities (% difference: 21.1%, 21.1, 95% CI: 4.4, 40.6) than those without. We also found lower non-pharmacologic therapy costs in cases treated with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy (% difference: −47.4, 95% CI: −64.5 to −22.0) than cases without.Conclusion: The hospitalization costs of COVID-19 cases in Guangdong were comparable to the national level. Factors associated with higher hospitalization costs included sex, older age, clinical severity and aggravation, clinical symptoms and comorbidities at admission. TCM therapy was found to be associated with lower costs for some non-pharmacologic therapies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.655231/fullCOVID-19hospitalization costsassociated factorstraditional Chinese medicine therapyChina |