Emerging Functions of Human IFIT Proteins in Cancer
Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT) genes are prominent interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). The human IFIT gene family consists of four genes named IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, and IFIT5. The expression of IFIT genes is very low in most cell types, whereas their expression is gr...
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doaj-5641a98eceb544c1b227128e3d42ea9a2020-11-25T01:07:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences2296-889X2019-12-01610.3389/fmolb.2019.00148500336Emerging Functions of Human IFIT Proteins in CancerVijaya Kumar Pidugu0Hima Bindu Pidugu1Meei-Maan Wu2Chung-Ji Liu3Te-Chang Lee4Te-Chang Lee5Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, TaiwanInterferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT) genes are prominent interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). The human IFIT gene family consists of four genes named IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, and IFIT5. The expression of IFIT genes is very low in most cell types, whereas their expression is greatly enhanced by interferon treatment, viral infection, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The proteins encoded by IFIT genes have multiple tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs. IFIT proteins do not have any known enzymatic roles. However, they execute a variety of cellular functions by mediating protein-protein interactions and forming multiprotein complexes with cellular and viral proteins through their multiple TPR motifs. The versatile tertiary structure of TPR motifs in IFIT proteins enables them to be involved in distinct biological functions, including host innate immunity, antiviral immune response, virus-induced translation initiation, replication, double-stranded RNA signaling, and PAMP recognition. The current understanding of the IFIT proteins and their role in cellular signaling mechanisms is limited to the antiviral immune response and innate immunity. However, recent studies on IFIT protein functions and their involvement in various molecular signaling mechanisms have implicated them in cancer progression and metastasis. In this article, we focused on critical molecular, biological and oncogenic functions of human IFIT proteins by reviewing their prognostic significance in health and cancer. Research suggests that IFIT proteins could be novel therapeutic targets for cancer therapy.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmolb.2019.00148/fullIFITcancerTPRsOSCCprogressionmetastasis |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Vijaya Kumar Pidugu Hima Bindu Pidugu Meei-Maan Wu Chung-Ji Liu Te-Chang Lee Te-Chang Lee |
spellingShingle |
Vijaya Kumar Pidugu Hima Bindu Pidugu Meei-Maan Wu Chung-Ji Liu Te-Chang Lee Te-Chang Lee Emerging Functions of Human IFIT Proteins in Cancer Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences IFIT cancer TPRs OSCC progression metastasis |
author_facet |
Vijaya Kumar Pidugu Hima Bindu Pidugu Meei-Maan Wu Chung-Ji Liu Te-Chang Lee Te-Chang Lee |
author_sort |
Vijaya Kumar Pidugu |
title |
Emerging Functions of Human IFIT Proteins in Cancer |
title_short |
Emerging Functions of Human IFIT Proteins in Cancer |
title_full |
Emerging Functions of Human IFIT Proteins in Cancer |
title_fullStr |
Emerging Functions of Human IFIT Proteins in Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed |
Emerging Functions of Human IFIT Proteins in Cancer |
title_sort |
emerging functions of human ifit proteins in cancer |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences |
issn |
2296-889X |
publishDate |
2019-12-01 |
description |
Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT) genes are prominent interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). The human IFIT gene family consists of four genes named IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, and IFIT5. The expression of IFIT genes is very low in most cell types, whereas their expression is greatly enhanced by interferon treatment, viral infection, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The proteins encoded by IFIT genes have multiple tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs. IFIT proteins do not have any known enzymatic roles. However, they execute a variety of cellular functions by mediating protein-protein interactions and forming multiprotein complexes with cellular and viral proteins through their multiple TPR motifs. The versatile tertiary structure of TPR motifs in IFIT proteins enables them to be involved in distinct biological functions, including host innate immunity, antiviral immune response, virus-induced translation initiation, replication, double-stranded RNA signaling, and PAMP recognition. The current understanding of the IFIT proteins and their role in cellular signaling mechanisms is limited to the antiviral immune response and innate immunity. However, recent studies on IFIT protein functions and their involvement in various molecular signaling mechanisms have implicated them in cancer progression and metastasis. In this article, we focused on critical molecular, biological and oncogenic functions of human IFIT proteins by reviewing their prognostic significance in health and cancer. Research suggests that IFIT proteins could be novel therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. |
topic |
IFIT cancer TPRs OSCC progression metastasis |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmolb.2019.00148/full |
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