Acid-Base Disturbances in Patients with Asthma: A Literature Review and Comments on Their Pathophysiology
Asthma is a common illness throughout the world that affects the respiratory system function, i.e., a system whose operational adequacy determines the respiratory gases exchange. It is therefore expected that acute severe asthma will be associated with respiratory acid-base disorders. In addition, t...
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doaj-56c864c671654124b16edc2f6a750b4d2020-11-25T01:36:36ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832019-04-018456310.3390/jcm8040563jcm8040563Acid-Base Disturbances in Patients with Asthma: A Literature Review and Comments on Their PathophysiologyIoannis Vasileiadis0Emmanouil Alevrakis1Sevasti Ampelioti2Dimitrios Vagionas3Nikoletta Rovina4Antonia Koutsoukou5Intensive Care Unit, 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece4th Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece5th Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, 115 27 Athens, GreeceIntensive Care Unit, 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, 115 27 Athens, GreeceIntensive Care Unit, 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, 115 27 Athens, GreeceIntensive Care Unit, 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, 115 27 Athens, GreeceAsthma is a common illness throughout the world that affects the respiratory system function, i.e., a system whose operational adequacy determines the respiratory gases exchange. It is therefore expected that acute severe asthma will be associated with respiratory acid-base disorders. In addition, the resulting hypoxemia along with the circulatory compromise due to heart−lung interactions can reduce tissue oxygenation, with a particular impact on respiratory muscles that have increased energy needs due to the increased workload. Thus, anaerobic metabolism may ensue, leading to lactic acidosis. Additionally, chronic hypocapnia in asthma can cause a compensatory drop in plasma bicarbonate concentration, resulting in non-anion gap acidosis. Indeed, studies have shown that in acute severe asthma, metabolic acid-base disorders may occur, i.e., high anion gap or non-anion gap metabolic acidosis. This review briefly presents studies that have investigated acid-base disorders in asthma, with comments on their underlying pathophysiology.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/4/563asthmalactic acidosishyperchloremic acidosishypocapniahypercapnia |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ioannis Vasileiadis Emmanouil Alevrakis Sevasti Ampelioti Dimitrios Vagionas Nikoletta Rovina Antonia Koutsoukou |
spellingShingle |
Ioannis Vasileiadis Emmanouil Alevrakis Sevasti Ampelioti Dimitrios Vagionas Nikoletta Rovina Antonia Koutsoukou Acid-Base Disturbances in Patients with Asthma: A Literature Review and Comments on Their Pathophysiology Journal of Clinical Medicine asthma lactic acidosis hyperchloremic acidosis hypocapnia hypercapnia |
author_facet |
Ioannis Vasileiadis Emmanouil Alevrakis Sevasti Ampelioti Dimitrios Vagionas Nikoletta Rovina Antonia Koutsoukou |
author_sort |
Ioannis Vasileiadis |
title |
Acid-Base Disturbances in Patients with Asthma: A Literature Review and Comments on Their Pathophysiology |
title_short |
Acid-Base Disturbances in Patients with Asthma: A Literature Review and Comments on Their Pathophysiology |
title_full |
Acid-Base Disturbances in Patients with Asthma: A Literature Review and Comments on Their Pathophysiology |
title_fullStr |
Acid-Base Disturbances in Patients with Asthma: A Literature Review and Comments on Their Pathophysiology |
title_full_unstemmed |
Acid-Base Disturbances in Patients with Asthma: A Literature Review and Comments on Their Pathophysiology |
title_sort |
acid-base disturbances in patients with asthma: a literature review and comments on their pathophysiology |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Journal of Clinical Medicine |
issn |
2077-0383 |
publishDate |
2019-04-01 |
description |
Asthma is a common illness throughout the world that affects the respiratory system function, i.e., a system whose operational adequacy determines the respiratory gases exchange. It is therefore expected that acute severe asthma will be associated with respiratory acid-base disorders. In addition, the resulting hypoxemia along with the circulatory compromise due to heart−lung interactions can reduce tissue oxygenation, with a particular impact on respiratory muscles that have increased energy needs due to the increased workload. Thus, anaerobic metabolism may ensue, leading to lactic acidosis. Additionally, chronic hypocapnia in asthma can cause a compensatory drop in plasma bicarbonate concentration, resulting in non-anion gap acidosis. Indeed, studies have shown that in acute severe asthma, metabolic acid-base disorders may occur, i.e., high anion gap or non-anion gap metabolic acidosis. This review briefly presents studies that have investigated acid-base disorders in asthma, with comments on their underlying pathophysiology. |
topic |
asthma lactic acidosis hyperchloremic acidosis hypocapnia hypercapnia |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/4/563 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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