Detection of the TiO<sub>2</sub> Concentration in the Protective Coatings for the Cultural Heritage by Means of Hyperspectral Data
Nanotechnology-based materials are currently being tested in the protection of cultural heritage: ethyl silicate or silica nanoparticles dispersed in aqueous colloidal suspensions mixed with titanium dioxide are used as a coating for stone materials. These coatings can play a key role against the de...
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doaj-570f64e3127e421fb1ff0e56198e62d42020-12-25T00:00:22ZengMDPI AGSustainability2071-10502021-12-0113929210.3390/su13010092Detection of the TiO<sub>2</sub> Concentration in the Protective Coatings for the Cultural Heritage by Means of Hyperspectral DataAntonio Costanzo0Donatella Ebolese1Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo2Sergio Falcone3Carmelo la Piana4Mauro Francesco La Russa5Massimo Musacchio6Maria Fabrizia Buongiorno7National Earthquake Observatory, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 87036 Rende, ItalyDepartment of Culture and Society, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, ItalyNational Earthquake Observatory, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 87036 Rende, ItalyNational Earthquake Observatory, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 87036 Rende, ItalyDepartment of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, ItalyNational Earthquake Observatory, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Rome, ItalyNational Earthquake Observatory, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Rome, ItalyNanotechnology-based materials are currently being tested in the protection of cultural heritage: ethyl silicate or silica nanoparticles dispersed in aqueous colloidal suspensions mixed with titanium dioxide are used as a coating for stone materials. These coatings can play a key role against the degradation of stone materials, due to the deposit of organic matter and other contaminants on the substrate, a phenomenon that produces a greater risk for the monuments in urban areas because of the increasing atmospheric pollution. However, during the application phase, it is important to evaluate the amount of titanium dioxide in the coatings on the substrate, as it can produce a coverage effect on the asset. In this work, we present the hyperspectral data obtained through a field spectroradiometer on samples of different stone materials, which have been prepared in laboratory with an increasing weight percentage of titanium dioxide from 0 to 8 wt%. The data showed spectral signatures dependent on the content of titanium dioxide in the wavelength range 350–400 nm. Afterwards, blind tests were performed on other samples in order to evaluate the reliability of these measurements in detecting the unknown weight percentage of titanium dioxide. Moreover, an investigation was also performed on a test application of nanoparticle coatings on a stone statue located in a coastal town in Calabria (southern Italy). The results showed that the surveys can be useful for verifying the phase of application of the coating on cultural heritage structures; however, they could also be used to check the state of the coated stone directly exposed over time to atmospheric, biological and chemical agents.https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/1/92protective coatingsnanoparticle filmstitanium dioxidestone surface conservationspectroradiometric datahyperspectral signatures |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Antonio Costanzo Donatella Ebolese Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo Sergio Falcone Carmelo la Piana Mauro Francesco La Russa Massimo Musacchio Maria Fabrizia Buongiorno |
spellingShingle |
Antonio Costanzo Donatella Ebolese Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo Sergio Falcone Carmelo la Piana Mauro Francesco La Russa Massimo Musacchio Maria Fabrizia Buongiorno Detection of the TiO<sub>2</sub> Concentration in the Protective Coatings for the Cultural Heritage by Means of Hyperspectral Data Sustainability protective coatings nanoparticle films titanium dioxide stone surface conservation spectroradiometric data hyperspectral signatures |
author_facet |
Antonio Costanzo Donatella Ebolese Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo Sergio Falcone Carmelo la Piana Mauro Francesco La Russa Massimo Musacchio Maria Fabrizia Buongiorno |
author_sort |
Antonio Costanzo |
title |
Detection of the TiO<sub>2</sub> Concentration in the Protective Coatings for the Cultural Heritage by Means of Hyperspectral Data |
title_short |
Detection of the TiO<sub>2</sub> Concentration in the Protective Coatings for the Cultural Heritage by Means of Hyperspectral Data |
title_full |
Detection of the TiO<sub>2</sub> Concentration in the Protective Coatings for the Cultural Heritage by Means of Hyperspectral Data |
title_fullStr |
Detection of the TiO<sub>2</sub> Concentration in the Protective Coatings for the Cultural Heritage by Means of Hyperspectral Data |
title_full_unstemmed |
Detection of the TiO<sub>2</sub> Concentration in the Protective Coatings for the Cultural Heritage by Means of Hyperspectral Data |
title_sort |
detection of the tio<sub>2</sub> concentration in the protective coatings for the cultural heritage by means of hyperspectral data |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sustainability |
issn |
2071-1050 |
publishDate |
2021-12-01 |
description |
Nanotechnology-based materials are currently being tested in the protection of cultural heritage: ethyl silicate or silica nanoparticles dispersed in aqueous colloidal suspensions mixed with titanium dioxide are used as a coating for stone materials. These coatings can play a key role against the degradation of stone materials, due to the deposit of organic matter and other contaminants on the substrate, a phenomenon that produces a greater risk for the monuments in urban areas because of the increasing atmospheric pollution. However, during the application phase, it is important to evaluate the amount of titanium dioxide in the coatings on the substrate, as it can produce a coverage effect on the asset. In this work, we present the hyperspectral data obtained through a field spectroradiometer on samples of different stone materials, which have been prepared in laboratory with an increasing weight percentage of titanium dioxide from 0 to 8 wt%. The data showed spectral signatures dependent on the content of titanium dioxide in the wavelength range 350–400 nm. Afterwards, blind tests were performed on other samples in order to evaluate the reliability of these measurements in detecting the unknown weight percentage of titanium dioxide. Moreover, an investigation was also performed on a test application of nanoparticle coatings on a stone statue located in a coastal town in Calabria (southern Italy). The results showed that the surveys can be useful for verifying the phase of application of the coating on cultural heritage structures; however, they could also be used to check the state of the coated stone directly exposed over time to atmospheric, biological and chemical agents. |
topic |
protective coatings nanoparticle films titanium dioxide stone surface conservation spectroradiometric data hyperspectral signatures |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/1/92 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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