Characterization of Human Health Risks from Particulate Air Pollution in Selected European Cities
The objective of the current study was to estimate health risk indexes caused by the inhalation of particulate matter (PM) by adult males and children using data sampled in three European cities (Athens, Kuopio, Lisbon). Accordingly, the cancer risk (CR) and the hazard quotient (HQ) were estimated f...
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doaj-5797e883408a4f18848236b35a7cbefc2020-11-25T01:33:15ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332019-02-011029610.3390/atmos10020096atmos10020096Characterization of Human Health Risks from Particulate Air Pollution in Selected European CitiesEleftheria Chalvatzaki0Sofia Eirini Chatoutsidou1Heli Lehtomäki2Susana Marta Almeida3Konstantinos Eleftheriadis4Otto Hänninen5Mihalis Lazaridis6School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, GreeceSchool of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, GreeceNational Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Department of Environmental Health, 70210 Kuopio, FinlandCentro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, PortugalInstitute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, Environmental Radioactivity Lab, N.C.S.R. “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, GreeceNational Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Department of Environmental Health, 70210 Kuopio, FinlandSchool of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, GreeceThe objective of the current study was to estimate health risk indexes caused by the inhalation of particulate matter (PM) by adult males and children using data sampled in three European cities (Athens, Kuopio, Lisbon). Accordingly, the cancer risk (CR) and the hazard quotient (HQ) were estimated from particle-bound metal concentrations whilst the epidemiology-based excess risk (ER), the attributable fraction (AF), and the mortality cases were obtained due to exposure to PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>. CR and HQ were estimated using two methodologies: the first methodology incorporated the particle-bound metal concentrations (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb) whereas the second methodology used the deposited dose rate of particle-bound metals in the respiratory tract. The indoor concentration accounts for 70% infiltration from outdoor air for the time activity periods allocated to indoor environments. HQ was lower than 1 and the cumulative CR was lower than the acceptable level (10<sup>−4</sup>), although individual CR for some metals exceeded the acceptable limit (10<sup>−6</sup>). In a lifetime the estimated number of attributable cancer cases was 74, 0.107, and 217 in Athens, Kuopio, and Lisbon, respectively. Excess risk-based mortality estimates (due to outdoor pollution) for fine particles were 3930, 44.1, and 2820 attributable deaths in Athens, Kuopio, and Lisbon, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/10/2/96particulate matterhealth risksdoserespiratory tractmetalscancer riskmortality |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Eleftheria Chalvatzaki Sofia Eirini Chatoutsidou Heli Lehtomäki Susana Marta Almeida Konstantinos Eleftheriadis Otto Hänninen Mihalis Lazaridis |
spellingShingle |
Eleftheria Chalvatzaki Sofia Eirini Chatoutsidou Heli Lehtomäki Susana Marta Almeida Konstantinos Eleftheriadis Otto Hänninen Mihalis Lazaridis Characterization of Human Health Risks from Particulate Air Pollution in Selected European Cities Atmosphere particulate matter health risks dose respiratory tract metals cancer risk mortality |
author_facet |
Eleftheria Chalvatzaki Sofia Eirini Chatoutsidou Heli Lehtomäki Susana Marta Almeida Konstantinos Eleftheriadis Otto Hänninen Mihalis Lazaridis |
author_sort |
Eleftheria Chalvatzaki |
title |
Characterization of Human Health Risks from Particulate Air Pollution in Selected European Cities |
title_short |
Characterization of Human Health Risks from Particulate Air Pollution in Selected European Cities |
title_full |
Characterization of Human Health Risks from Particulate Air Pollution in Selected European Cities |
title_fullStr |
Characterization of Human Health Risks from Particulate Air Pollution in Selected European Cities |
title_full_unstemmed |
Characterization of Human Health Risks from Particulate Air Pollution in Selected European Cities |
title_sort |
characterization of human health risks from particulate air pollution in selected european cities |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Atmosphere |
issn |
2073-4433 |
publishDate |
2019-02-01 |
description |
The objective of the current study was to estimate health risk indexes caused by the inhalation of particulate matter (PM) by adult males and children using data sampled in three European cities (Athens, Kuopio, Lisbon). Accordingly, the cancer risk (CR) and the hazard quotient (HQ) were estimated from particle-bound metal concentrations whilst the epidemiology-based excess risk (ER), the attributable fraction (AF), and the mortality cases were obtained due to exposure to PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>. CR and HQ were estimated using two methodologies: the first methodology incorporated the particle-bound metal concentrations (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb) whereas the second methodology used the deposited dose rate of particle-bound metals in the respiratory tract. The indoor concentration accounts for 70% infiltration from outdoor air for the time activity periods allocated to indoor environments. HQ was lower than 1 and the cumulative CR was lower than the acceptable level (10<sup>−4</sup>), although individual CR for some metals exceeded the acceptable limit (10<sup>−6</sup>). In a lifetime the estimated number of attributable cancer cases was 74, 0.107, and 217 in Athens, Kuopio, and Lisbon, respectively. Excess risk-based mortality estimates (due to outdoor pollution) for fine particles were 3930, 44.1, and 2820 attributable deaths in Athens, Kuopio, and Lisbon, respectively. |
topic |
particulate matter health risks dose respiratory tract metals cancer risk mortality |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/10/2/96 |
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