Diagnosing Phosphorus Limitation in Subtropical Forests in China under Climate Warming

• Main Authors: Na Wang, Mei Huang, Fengxue Gu, Huimin Yan, Shaoqiang Wang, Honglin He, Zhaosheng Wang, Xiangyang Sun, Wenting Xu, Fengting Yang, Guowei Chu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2019-04-01
• Series: Sustainability
• Subjects: climate warming; net primary productivity; phosphorus limitation; subtropical forest; China
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/8/2202

Phosphorus (P) is a fundamental component of plant organisms. Most of the Earth System Models (ESMs) project increases in future Net Primary Productivity (NPP) due to climate warming. However, large uncertainty exists in projected NPP due to future P limitation. Subtropical China is a region with high vegetation NPP, but its forests are mostly P limited. In this study, we used the simulations of Atmospheric-Vegetation Interaction Model 2 (AVIM2) to diagnose the P limitation in forests in this region, and found that climate warming in the period of 1951&#8211;2010 had enhanced P limitation. The P demand during 1981&#8211;2010 for Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest (EBF) and Evergreen Needle-leaved Forest (ENF) are 1.67 and 1.8 times than that during 1951&#8211;1980, respectively. The observed current Available Soil P (ASP) density in 4 representative forest sites in subtropical China varied between 940 <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>mg</mi> <mo>&#183;</mo> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mrow> <mo>&#8722;</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> and 2365 <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>mg</mi> <mo>&#183;</mo> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mrow> <mo>&#8722;</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>, and the P demands account for 0.86% to 25.5% of the ASP for the period of 1951&#8211;2010. Future P demands are estimated to account for 3.2% to 68.3% of the current ASP at the end of this century for RCP8.5. Therefore, forests, especially plantations, in subtropical China are facing high risks of P limitation.