Co-Infection of Swine with Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Other Swine Viruses
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is the etiological agent that causes porcine circovirus diseases and porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVD/PCVAD), which are present in every major swine-producing country in the world. PCV2 infections may downregulate the host immune system and enhance the infecti...
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doaj-58e93540e30142cd9d5c65b788e904492020-11-24T21:16:00ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152019-02-0111218510.3390/v11020185v11020185Co-Infection of Swine with Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Other Swine VirusesTing Ouyang0Xinwei Zhang1Xiaohua Liu2Linzhu Ren3Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, ChinaPorcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is the etiological agent that causes porcine circovirus diseases and porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVD/PCVAD), which are present in every major swine-producing country in the world. PCV2 infections may downregulate the host immune system and enhance the infection and replication of other pathogens. However, the exact mechanisms of PCVD/PCVAD are currently unknown. To date, many studies have reported that several cofactors, such as other swine viruses or bacteria, vaccination failure, and stress or crowding, in combination with PCV2, lead to PCVD/PCVAD. Among these cofactors, co-infection of PCV2 with other viruses, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine parvovirus, swine influenza virus and classical swine fever virus have been widely studied for decades. In this review, we focus on the current state of knowledge regarding swine co-infection with different PCV2 genotypes or strains, as well as with PCV2 and other swine viruses.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/2/185porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2)co-infectionswinevirus |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ting Ouyang Xinwei Zhang Xiaohua Liu Linzhu Ren |
spellingShingle |
Ting Ouyang Xinwei Zhang Xiaohua Liu Linzhu Ren Co-Infection of Swine with Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Other Swine Viruses Viruses porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) co-infection swine virus |
author_facet |
Ting Ouyang Xinwei Zhang Xiaohua Liu Linzhu Ren |
author_sort |
Ting Ouyang |
title |
Co-Infection of Swine with Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Other Swine Viruses |
title_short |
Co-Infection of Swine with Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Other Swine Viruses |
title_full |
Co-Infection of Swine with Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Other Swine Viruses |
title_fullStr |
Co-Infection of Swine with Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Other Swine Viruses |
title_full_unstemmed |
Co-Infection of Swine with Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Other Swine Viruses |
title_sort |
co-infection of swine with porcine circovirus type 2 and other swine viruses |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Viruses |
issn |
1999-4915 |
publishDate |
2019-02-01 |
description |
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is the etiological agent that causes porcine circovirus diseases and porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVD/PCVAD), which are present in every major swine-producing country in the world. PCV2 infections may downregulate the host immune system and enhance the infection and replication of other pathogens. However, the exact mechanisms of PCVD/PCVAD are currently unknown. To date, many studies have reported that several cofactors, such as other swine viruses or bacteria, vaccination failure, and stress or crowding, in combination with PCV2, lead to PCVD/PCVAD. Among these cofactors, co-infection of PCV2 with other viruses, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine parvovirus, swine influenza virus and classical swine fever virus have been widely studied for decades. In this review, we focus on the current state of knowledge regarding swine co-infection with different PCV2 genotypes or strains, as well as with PCV2 and other swine viruses. |
topic |
porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) co-infection swine virus |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/2/185 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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