A Further Investigation of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> Removal Mechanisms by Using Natural and Synthetic Zeolites in Different Concentrations and Temperatures
We investigated the ammonium removal abilities of natural and synthetic zeolites with distinct Si/Al ratios and various surface areas to study how adsorption and ion exchange processes in zeolites perform under different ammonium concentrations and different temperatures. Five zeolites—nat...
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doaj-590ab8d25cb544a19c525802742f8d702020-11-25T00:37:13ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2018-11-0181149910.3390/min8110499min8110499A Further Investigation of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> Removal Mechanisms by Using Natural and Synthetic Zeolites in Different Concentrations and TemperaturesHuei-Fen Chen0Yi-Jun Lin1Bo-Hong Chen2Iizuka Yoshiyuki3Sofia Ya-Hsuan Liou4Rong-Tan Huang5Institute of Earth Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, TaiwanInstitute of Earth Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, TaiwanInstitute of Earth Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, TaiwanInstitute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, TaiwanDepartment of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanInstitute of Materials Engineering National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, TaiwanWe investigated the ammonium removal abilities of natural and synthetic zeolites with distinct Si/Al ratios and various surface areas to study how adsorption and ion exchange processes in zeolites perform under different ammonium concentrations and different temperatures. Five zeolites—natural mordenite, chabazite, erionite, clinoptilolite, and synthetic merlinoite—were immersed in 20, 50, and 100 mg/kg ammonium solutions. The results demonstrate that zeolites under high ammonium concentrations (100 mg/kg) possess higher physical adsorption capacity (0.398⁻0.468 meq/g), whereas those under lower ammonium concentrations (20 mg/kg) possess greater ion exchange properties (64⁻99%). The ion exchange ability of zeolites is extremely dependent on the cation content of the zeolites, and the cation content is affected by the Si/Al ratio. The surface area of zeolites also has a partial influence on its physical adsorption ability. When the surface area is less than 100 m<sup>2</sup>/g, the adsorption ability of zeolite increases obviously with surface area; however, adsorption ability is saturated as the surface area becomes larger than this critical value of 100 m<sup>2</sup>/g. When we placed the zeolites in 50 mg/kg ammonium concentration at different temperatures (5⁻50 °C), we found that the zeolites exhibited the highest ammonium removal ability at 30 °C and the potassium release was enhanced at 30⁻40 °C.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/8/11/499zeoliteion exchangeadsorptionammoniumSi/Altemperature |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Huei-Fen Chen Yi-Jun Lin Bo-Hong Chen Iizuka Yoshiyuki Sofia Ya-Hsuan Liou Rong-Tan Huang |
spellingShingle |
Huei-Fen Chen Yi-Jun Lin Bo-Hong Chen Iizuka Yoshiyuki Sofia Ya-Hsuan Liou Rong-Tan Huang A Further Investigation of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> Removal Mechanisms by Using Natural and Synthetic Zeolites in Different Concentrations and Temperatures Minerals zeolite ion exchange adsorption ammonium Si/Al temperature |
author_facet |
Huei-Fen Chen Yi-Jun Lin Bo-Hong Chen Iizuka Yoshiyuki Sofia Ya-Hsuan Liou Rong-Tan Huang |
author_sort |
Huei-Fen Chen |
title |
A Further Investigation of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> Removal Mechanisms by Using Natural and Synthetic Zeolites in Different Concentrations and Temperatures |
title_short |
A Further Investigation of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> Removal Mechanisms by Using Natural and Synthetic Zeolites in Different Concentrations and Temperatures |
title_full |
A Further Investigation of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> Removal Mechanisms by Using Natural and Synthetic Zeolites in Different Concentrations and Temperatures |
title_fullStr |
A Further Investigation of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> Removal Mechanisms by Using Natural and Synthetic Zeolites in Different Concentrations and Temperatures |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Further Investigation of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> Removal Mechanisms by Using Natural and Synthetic Zeolites in Different Concentrations and Temperatures |
title_sort |
further investigation of nh<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> removal mechanisms by using natural and synthetic zeolites in different concentrations and temperatures |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Minerals |
issn |
2075-163X |
publishDate |
2018-11-01 |
description |
We investigated the ammonium removal abilities of natural and synthetic zeolites with distinct Si/Al ratios and various surface areas to study how adsorption and ion exchange processes in zeolites perform under different ammonium concentrations and different temperatures. Five zeolites—natural mordenite, chabazite, erionite, clinoptilolite, and synthetic merlinoite—were immersed in 20, 50, and 100 mg/kg ammonium solutions. The results demonstrate that zeolites under high ammonium concentrations (100 mg/kg) possess higher physical adsorption capacity (0.398⁻0.468 meq/g), whereas those under lower ammonium concentrations (20 mg/kg) possess greater ion exchange properties (64⁻99%). The ion exchange ability of zeolites is extremely dependent on the cation content of the zeolites, and the cation content is affected by the Si/Al ratio. The surface area of zeolites also has a partial influence on its physical adsorption ability. When the surface area is less than 100 m<sup>2</sup>/g, the adsorption ability of zeolite increases obviously with surface area; however, adsorption ability is saturated as the surface area becomes larger than this critical value of 100 m<sup>2</sup>/g. When we placed the zeolites in 50 mg/kg ammonium concentration at different temperatures (5⁻50 °C), we found that the zeolites exhibited the highest ammonium removal ability at 30 °C and the potassium release was enhanced at 30⁻40 °C. |
topic |
zeolite ion exchange adsorption ammonium Si/Al temperature |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/8/11/499 |
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