Lead Isotope Characterization of Petroleum Fuels in Taipei, Taiwan
Leaded gasoline in Taiwan was gradually phased out from 1983 to 2000. However, it is unclear whether unleaded gasoline still contributes to atmospheric lead (Pb) exposure in urban areas. In this study, Pb isotopic compositions of unleaded gasolines, with octane numbers of 92, 95, 98, and diesel from...
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doaj-592eba9639454d3a8000847741c7e3a02020-11-24T23:21:01ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1660-46012015-04-011254602461610.3390/ijerph120504602ijerph120504602Lead Isotope Characterization of Petroleum Fuels in Taipei, TaiwanPei-Hsuan Yao0Guey-Shin Shyu1Ying-Fang Chang2Yu-Chen Chou3Chuan-Chou Shen4Chi-Su Chou5Tsun-Kuo Chang6Agro-environment Laboratory (AELab), Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, TaiwanDepartment of Travel and Ecotourism, Tungnan University, New Taipei City 222, TaiwanGreen Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu County 310, TaiwanHigh-Precision Mass Spectrometry and Environmental Change Laboratory (HISPEC), Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, TaiwanHigh-Precision Mass Spectrometry and Environmental Change Laboratory (HISPEC), Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, TaiwanEcological Engineering Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, TaiwanAgro-environment Laboratory (AELab), Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, TaiwanLeaded gasoline in Taiwan was gradually phased out from 1983 to 2000. However, it is unclear whether unleaded gasoline still contributes to atmospheric lead (Pb) exposure in urban areas. In this study, Pb isotopic compositions of unleaded gasolines, with octane numbers of 92, 95, 98, and diesel from two local suppliers in Taipei were determined by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with a two-sigma uncertainty of ± 0.02 %. Lead isotopic ratios of vehicle exhaust (208Pb/207Pb: 2.427, 206Pb/207Pb: 1.148, as estimated from petroleum fuels) overlap with the reported aerosol data. This agreement indicates that local unleaded petroleum fuels, containing 10–45 ng·Pb·g−1, are merely one contributor among various sources to urban aerosol Pb. Additionally, the distinction between the products of the two companies is statistically significant in their individual 208Pb/206Pb ratios (p-value < 0.001, t test). Lead isotopic characterization appears to be applicable as a “fingerprinting” tool for tracing the sources of Pb pollution.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/5/4602stable lead isotopesenvironmental forensicspetroleum fuels |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Pei-Hsuan Yao Guey-Shin Shyu Ying-Fang Chang Yu-Chen Chou Chuan-Chou Shen Chi-Su Chou Tsun-Kuo Chang |
spellingShingle |
Pei-Hsuan Yao Guey-Shin Shyu Ying-Fang Chang Yu-Chen Chou Chuan-Chou Shen Chi-Su Chou Tsun-Kuo Chang Lead Isotope Characterization of Petroleum Fuels in Taipei, Taiwan International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health stable lead isotopes environmental forensics petroleum fuels |
author_facet |
Pei-Hsuan Yao Guey-Shin Shyu Ying-Fang Chang Yu-Chen Chou Chuan-Chou Shen Chi-Su Chou Tsun-Kuo Chang |
author_sort |
Pei-Hsuan Yao |
title |
Lead Isotope Characterization of Petroleum Fuels in Taipei, Taiwan |
title_short |
Lead Isotope Characterization of Petroleum Fuels in Taipei, Taiwan |
title_full |
Lead Isotope Characterization of Petroleum Fuels in Taipei, Taiwan |
title_fullStr |
Lead Isotope Characterization of Petroleum Fuels in Taipei, Taiwan |
title_full_unstemmed |
Lead Isotope Characterization of Petroleum Fuels in Taipei, Taiwan |
title_sort |
lead isotope characterization of petroleum fuels in taipei, taiwan |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2015-04-01 |
description |
Leaded gasoline in Taiwan was gradually phased out from 1983 to 2000. However, it is unclear whether unleaded gasoline still contributes to atmospheric lead (Pb) exposure in urban areas. In this study, Pb isotopic compositions of unleaded gasolines, with octane numbers of 92, 95, 98, and diesel from two local suppliers in Taipei were determined by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with a two-sigma uncertainty of ± 0.02 %. Lead isotopic ratios of vehicle exhaust (208Pb/207Pb: 2.427, 206Pb/207Pb: 1.148, as estimated from petroleum fuels) overlap with the reported aerosol data. This agreement indicates that local unleaded petroleum fuels, containing 10–45 ng·Pb·g−1, are merely one contributor among various sources to urban aerosol Pb. Additionally, the distinction between the products of the two companies is statistically significant in their individual 208Pb/206Pb ratios (p-value < 0.001, t test). Lead isotopic characterization appears to be applicable as a “fingerprinting” tool for tracing the sources of Pb pollution. |
topic |
stable lead isotopes environmental forensics petroleum fuels |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/5/4602 |
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