Constructing an Indoor Floor Plan Using Crowdsourcing Based on Magnetic Fingerprinting
A large number of indoor positioning systems have recently been developed to cater for various location-based services. Indoor maps are a prerequisite of such indoor positioning systems; however, indoor maps are currently non-existent for most indoor environments. Construction of an indoor map by ex...
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doaj-597d02922c08454383d4d11a78707bc12020-11-24T22:10:55ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202017-11-011711267810.3390/s17112678s17112678Constructing an Indoor Floor Plan Using Crowdsourcing Based on Magnetic FingerprintingHaiyong Luo0Fang Zhao1Mengling Jiang2Hao Ma3Yuexia Zhang4Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaSchool of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, ChinaSchool of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, ChinaSchool of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, ChinaSchool of Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100101, ChinaA large number of indoor positioning systems have recently been developed to cater for various location-based services. Indoor maps are a prerequisite of such indoor positioning systems; however, indoor maps are currently non-existent for most indoor environments. Construction of an indoor map by external experts excludes quick deployment and prevents widespread utilization of indoor localization systems. Here, we propose an algorithm for the automatic construction of an indoor floor plan, together with a magnetic fingerprint map of unmapped buildings using crowdsourced smartphone data. For floor plan construction, our system combines the use of dead reckoning technology, an observation model with geomagnetic signals, and trajectory fusion based on an affinity propagation algorithm. To obtain the indoor paths, the magnetic trajectory data obtained through crowdsourcing were first clustered using dynamic time warping similarity criteria. The trajectories were inferred from odometry tracing, and those belonging to the same cluster in the magnetic trajectory domain were then fused. Fusing these data effectively eliminates the inherent tracking errors originating from noisy sensors; as a result, we obtained highly accurate indoor paths. One advantage of our system is that no additional hardware such as a laser rangefinder or wheel encoder is required. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm successfully constructs indoor floor plans with 0.48 m accuracy, which could benefit location-based services which lack indoor maps.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/11/2678indoor localizationfloor plan constructioncrowdsourcingaffinity propagation clusteringDTW |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Haiyong Luo Fang Zhao Mengling Jiang Hao Ma Yuexia Zhang |
spellingShingle |
Haiyong Luo Fang Zhao Mengling Jiang Hao Ma Yuexia Zhang Constructing an Indoor Floor Plan Using Crowdsourcing Based on Magnetic Fingerprinting Sensors indoor localization floor plan construction crowdsourcing affinity propagation clustering DTW |
author_facet |
Haiyong Luo Fang Zhao Mengling Jiang Hao Ma Yuexia Zhang |
author_sort |
Haiyong Luo |
title |
Constructing an Indoor Floor Plan Using Crowdsourcing Based on Magnetic Fingerprinting |
title_short |
Constructing an Indoor Floor Plan Using Crowdsourcing Based on Magnetic Fingerprinting |
title_full |
Constructing an Indoor Floor Plan Using Crowdsourcing Based on Magnetic Fingerprinting |
title_fullStr |
Constructing an Indoor Floor Plan Using Crowdsourcing Based on Magnetic Fingerprinting |
title_full_unstemmed |
Constructing an Indoor Floor Plan Using Crowdsourcing Based on Magnetic Fingerprinting |
title_sort |
constructing an indoor floor plan using crowdsourcing based on magnetic fingerprinting |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sensors |
issn |
1424-8220 |
publishDate |
2017-11-01 |
description |
A large number of indoor positioning systems have recently been developed to cater for various location-based services. Indoor maps are a prerequisite of such indoor positioning systems; however, indoor maps are currently non-existent for most indoor environments. Construction of an indoor map by external experts excludes quick deployment and prevents widespread utilization of indoor localization systems. Here, we propose an algorithm for the automatic construction of an indoor floor plan, together with a magnetic fingerprint map of unmapped buildings using crowdsourced smartphone data. For floor plan construction, our system combines the use of dead reckoning technology, an observation model with geomagnetic signals, and trajectory fusion based on an affinity propagation algorithm. To obtain the indoor paths, the magnetic trajectory data obtained through crowdsourcing were first clustered using dynamic time warping similarity criteria. The trajectories were inferred from odometry tracing, and those belonging to the same cluster in the magnetic trajectory domain were then fused. Fusing these data effectively eliminates the inherent tracking errors originating from noisy sensors; as a result, we obtained highly accurate indoor paths. One advantage of our system is that no additional hardware such as a laser rangefinder or wheel encoder is required. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm successfully constructs indoor floor plans with 0.48 m accuracy, which could benefit location-based services which lack indoor maps. |
topic |
indoor localization floor plan construction crowdsourcing affinity propagation clustering DTW |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/11/2678 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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