Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in dairy calves in southern Ethiopia
Giardia and Cryptosporidium are the most common enteric protozoan parasites causing diarrhea in humans and animals worldwide. This study was conducted with the objectives of estimating prevalence and identifying risk factors for Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in dairy calves in selected dist...
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doaj-5999481dcf6a4f2787b4e914bb6e41972020-11-25T03:46:02ZengElsevierParasite Epidemiology and Control2405-67312020-08-0110e00155Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in dairy calves in southern EthiopiaMaireg Hailu0Kassahun Asmare1Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin2Desie Sheferaw3Daniel Gizaw4Vincenzo Di Marco5Maria Vitale6MoLSD, Sidama Zone, Hawassa, EthiopiaAmerican University of Beirut, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon; Corresponding author.Ambo University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Ambo, EthiopiaHawassa University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa, P.o Box 005, EthiopiaNational Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, Sebeta, EthiopiaItalian National Reference Centre for Toxoplasmosis at Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, ItalyItalian National Reference Centre for Toxoplasmosis at Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, ItalyGiardia and Cryptosporidium are the most common enteric protozoan parasites causing diarrhea in humans and animals worldwide. This study was conducted with the objectives of estimating prevalence and identifying risk factors for Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in dairy calves in selected districts of southern Ethiopia. Fecal samples (n = 330) were collected from calves in 92 farms. The monoclonal antibody-based commercial direct immunofluorescent kit was used to test the samples for Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts. A questionnaire survey was also administered to collect data on potential risk factors of infections. The results showed a farm-level prevalence of 69.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 59.1–78.7%) for Cryptosporidium and 38.04% (95% CI: 28.1–48.8%) for Giardia. Likewise, an overall animal level prevalence of 13.0% (95% CI: 9.6–17.2%) for Cryptosporidium and 9.7% (95% CI: 6.7–13.4%) for Giardia was found. At the farm level, multivariate logistic regression model showed that calves in smallholder farms were 5.3 times more likely to shed Cryptosporidium oocysts than calves in commercial farms (p=0.019). However, in case of Giardia, calves in commercial farms were 5.5 times more likely to shed cysts than calves in smallholder farms (p=0.037). Calves with diarrhea were nearly three times more likely to be positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts than those with normal feces (p=0.027). At the animal level, larger farms and younger calves were associated with Giardia cysts shedding, while larger herd size and lose fecal consistency were associated with Cryptosporidium oocysts shedding. Giardia and Cryptosporidium infection are endemic in the studied dairy farms. Therefore, detailed molecular epidemiological studies are essential to identify the role of domestic animals in the transmission of infections to humans and vice versa, and to determine the best options for prevention and control of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673120300246CalvesCryptosporidiumGiardiaPrevalenceRisk factorsSouthern Ethiopia |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Maireg Hailu Kassahun Asmare Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin Desie Sheferaw Daniel Gizaw Vincenzo Di Marco Maria Vitale |
spellingShingle |
Maireg Hailu Kassahun Asmare Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin Desie Sheferaw Daniel Gizaw Vincenzo Di Marco Maria Vitale Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in dairy calves in southern Ethiopia Parasite Epidemiology and Control Calves Cryptosporidium Giardia Prevalence Risk factors Southern Ethiopia |
author_facet |
Maireg Hailu Kassahun Asmare Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin Desie Sheferaw Daniel Gizaw Vincenzo Di Marco Maria Vitale |
author_sort |
Maireg Hailu |
title |
Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in dairy calves in southern Ethiopia |
title_short |
Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in dairy calves in southern Ethiopia |
title_full |
Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in dairy calves in southern Ethiopia |
title_fullStr |
Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in dairy calves in southern Ethiopia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in dairy calves in southern Ethiopia |
title_sort |
cryptosporidium and giardia infections in dairy calves in southern ethiopia |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Parasite Epidemiology and Control |
issn |
2405-6731 |
publishDate |
2020-08-01 |
description |
Giardia and Cryptosporidium are the most common enteric protozoan parasites causing diarrhea in humans and animals worldwide. This study was conducted with the objectives of estimating prevalence and identifying risk factors for Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in dairy calves in selected districts of southern Ethiopia. Fecal samples (n = 330) were collected from calves in 92 farms. The monoclonal antibody-based commercial direct immunofluorescent kit was used to test the samples for Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts. A questionnaire survey was also administered to collect data on potential risk factors of infections. The results showed a farm-level prevalence of 69.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 59.1–78.7%) for Cryptosporidium and 38.04% (95% CI: 28.1–48.8%) for Giardia. Likewise, an overall animal level prevalence of 13.0% (95% CI: 9.6–17.2%) for Cryptosporidium and 9.7% (95% CI: 6.7–13.4%) for Giardia was found. At the farm level, multivariate logistic regression model showed that calves in smallholder farms were 5.3 times more likely to shed Cryptosporidium oocysts than calves in commercial farms (p=0.019). However, in case of Giardia, calves in commercial farms were 5.5 times more likely to shed cysts than calves in smallholder farms (p=0.037). Calves with diarrhea were nearly three times more likely to be positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts than those with normal feces (p=0.027). At the animal level, larger farms and younger calves were associated with Giardia cysts shedding, while larger herd size and lose fecal consistency were associated with Cryptosporidium oocysts shedding. Giardia and Cryptosporidium infection are endemic in the studied dairy farms. Therefore, detailed molecular epidemiological studies are essential to identify the role of domestic animals in the transmission of infections to humans and vice versa, and to determine the best options for prevention and control of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis. |
topic |
Calves Cryptosporidium Giardia Prevalence Risk factors Southern Ethiopia |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673120300246 |
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