Effect of Milk-Based Infant Formula Fortified with PUFAs on Lipid Profile, Growth and Micronutrient Status of Young Children: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Background: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential to child growth and development. Objective: To assess the effect of PUFAs-fortified infant formula on lipid profile, growth and micronutrient status in children 12 to 30 months old. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized control...
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doaj-59b32567a84440eb96fac4ff152fe9732020-12-23T00:01:47ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-12-01134410.3390/nu13010004Effect of Milk-Based Infant Formula Fortified with PUFAs on Lipid Profile, Growth and Micronutrient Status of Young Children: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical TrialMarta Rivera-Pasquel0Mario Flores-Aldana1María-Socorro Parra-Cabrera2Amado David Quezada-Sánchez3Armando García-Guerra4Jorge Maldonado-Hernández5Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, MexicoUnidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Ciudad de México 06720, MexicoBackground: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential to child growth and development. Objective: To assess the effect of PUFAs-fortified infant formula on lipid profile, growth and micronutrient status in children 12 to 30 months old. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Two study groups were assessed: (a) milk-based infant formula with micronutrients and PUFAs (PUFAs) and (b) milk-based infant formula with micronutrients, no PUFAs added (Non-PUFAs). Children received prepared formula (240 mL) twice a day, according to the color-code assigned to each infant. Anthropometric measurements and venous blood samples were taken at each day-care center at baseline, and again after four months. Total serum lipid extraction was 0.5 mL. Samples were treated and modified by the Folch method and analyzed with gas chromatography. Results: Changes in serum lipid profile (expressed as % FA) between baseline and four months showed a statistically significant increase in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (0.22 vs. −0.07, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and Alpha-Linoleic acid (0.08 vs. 0.02, <i>p</i> < 0.05) in infants who consumed PUFAs-fortified formula compared to Non-PUFAs-fortified formula. Infants increased their length/height-for-age Z-score: median change for the PUFAs group was 0.16 (95% CI = 0.08, 0.28) and 0.23 (95% CI = 0.14, 0.33) for Non-PUFAs, with no differences between groups. Median folate level was significantly higher among the PUFAs group compared to Non-PUFAs: −0.87 (95% CI = −1.38, −0.44) and −3.83 (95% CI = −4.65, −3.03) respectively. Consumption of both supplements was adequate and stable during the intervention. Conclusion: A significant improvement was observed in the lipid profile of children who received the PUFAs-fortified milk-based formula.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/1/4DHAPUFAslipidsinfant formulamicronutrients |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Marta Rivera-Pasquel Mario Flores-Aldana María-Socorro Parra-Cabrera Amado David Quezada-Sánchez Armando García-Guerra Jorge Maldonado-Hernández |
spellingShingle |
Marta Rivera-Pasquel Mario Flores-Aldana María-Socorro Parra-Cabrera Amado David Quezada-Sánchez Armando García-Guerra Jorge Maldonado-Hernández Effect of Milk-Based Infant Formula Fortified with PUFAs on Lipid Profile, Growth and Micronutrient Status of Young Children: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial Nutrients DHA PUFAs lipids infant formula micronutrients |
author_facet |
Marta Rivera-Pasquel Mario Flores-Aldana María-Socorro Parra-Cabrera Amado David Quezada-Sánchez Armando García-Guerra Jorge Maldonado-Hernández |
author_sort |
Marta Rivera-Pasquel |
title |
Effect of Milk-Based Infant Formula Fortified with PUFAs on Lipid Profile, Growth and Micronutrient Status of Young Children: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial |
title_short |
Effect of Milk-Based Infant Formula Fortified with PUFAs on Lipid Profile, Growth and Micronutrient Status of Young Children: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial |
title_full |
Effect of Milk-Based Infant Formula Fortified with PUFAs on Lipid Profile, Growth and Micronutrient Status of Young Children: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial |
title_fullStr |
Effect of Milk-Based Infant Formula Fortified with PUFAs on Lipid Profile, Growth and Micronutrient Status of Young Children: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of Milk-Based Infant Formula Fortified with PUFAs on Lipid Profile, Growth and Micronutrient Status of Young Children: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial |
title_sort |
effect of milk-based infant formula fortified with pufas on lipid profile, growth and micronutrient status of young children: a randomized double-blind clinical trial |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2021-12-01 |
description |
Background: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential to child growth and development. Objective: To assess the effect of PUFAs-fortified infant formula on lipid profile, growth and micronutrient status in children 12 to 30 months old. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Two study groups were assessed: (a) milk-based infant formula with micronutrients and PUFAs (PUFAs) and (b) milk-based infant formula with micronutrients, no PUFAs added (Non-PUFAs). Children received prepared formula (240 mL) twice a day, according to the color-code assigned to each infant. Anthropometric measurements and venous blood samples were taken at each day-care center at baseline, and again after four months. Total serum lipid extraction was 0.5 mL. Samples were treated and modified by the Folch method and analyzed with gas chromatography. Results: Changes in serum lipid profile (expressed as % FA) between baseline and four months showed a statistically significant increase in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (0.22 vs. −0.07, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and Alpha-Linoleic acid (0.08 vs. 0.02, <i>p</i> < 0.05) in infants who consumed PUFAs-fortified formula compared to Non-PUFAs-fortified formula. Infants increased their length/height-for-age Z-score: median change for the PUFAs group was 0.16 (95% CI = 0.08, 0.28) and 0.23 (95% CI = 0.14, 0.33) for Non-PUFAs, with no differences between groups. Median folate level was significantly higher among the PUFAs group compared to Non-PUFAs: −0.87 (95% CI = −1.38, −0.44) and −3.83 (95% CI = −4.65, −3.03) respectively. Consumption of both supplements was adequate and stable during the intervention. Conclusion: A significant improvement was observed in the lipid profile of children who received the PUFAs-fortified milk-based formula. |
topic |
DHA PUFAs lipids infant formula micronutrients |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/1/4 |
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