Meta-Analysis of Cardiac Mortality in Three Cohorts of Carbon Black Production Workers
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between airborne environmental particle exposure and cardiac disease and mortality; however, few have examined such effects from poorly soluble particles of low toxicity such as manufactured carbon black (CB) particles in the work place. We comb...
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doaj-59d08e9c371f45a9bdcf87cbf2fcded22020-11-24T22:33:31ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1660-46012016-03-0113330210.3390/ijerph13030302ijerph13030302Meta-Analysis of Cardiac Mortality in Three Cohorts of Carbon Black Production WorkersPeter Morfeld0Kenneth A. Mundt1Linda D. Dell2Tom Sorahan3Robert J. McCunney4Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Preventive Research, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, GermanyHealth Sciences, Ramboll Environ, Amherst, MA 01002, USAHealth Sciences, Ramboll Environ, Amherst, MA 01002, USAInstitute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USAEpidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between airborne environmental particle exposure and cardiac disease and mortality; however, few have examined such effects from poorly soluble particles of low toxicity such as manufactured carbon black (CB) particles in the work place. We combined standardised mortality ratio (SMR) and Cox proportional hazards results from cohort studies of US, UK and German CB production workers. Under a common protocol, we analysed mortality from all causes, heart disease (HD), ischemic heart disease (IHD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Fixed and random effects (RE) meta-regression models were fit for employment duration, and for overall cumulative and lugged quantitative CB exposure estimates. Full cohort meta-SMRs (RE) were 1.01 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79–1.29) for HD; 1.02 (95% CI 0.80–1.30) for IHD, and 1.08 (95% CI 0.74–1.59) for AMI mortality. For all three outcomes, meta-SMRs were heterogeneous, increased with time since first and time since last exposure, and peaked after 25–29 or 10–14 years, respectively. Meta-Cox coefficients showed no association with lugged duration of exposure. A small but imprecise increased AMI mortality risk was suggested for cumulative exposure (RE-hazards ratio (HR) = 1.10 per 100 mg/m3-years; 95% CI 0.92–1.31), but not for lugged exposures. Our results do not demonstrate that airborne CB exposure increases all-cause or cardiac disease mortality.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/13/3/302heart diseaseischemic heart diseasemyocardial infarctionnanoparticlesoccupationepidemiologySMRCox regression |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Peter Morfeld Kenneth A. Mundt Linda D. Dell Tom Sorahan Robert J. McCunney |
spellingShingle |
Peter Morfeld Kenneth A. Mundt Linda D. Dell Tom Sorahan Robert J. McCunney Meta-Analysis of Cardiac Mortality in Three Cohorts of Carbon Black Production Workers International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health heart disease ischemic heart disease myocardial infarction nanoparticles occupation epidemiology SMR Cox regression |
author_facet |
Peter Morfeld Kenneth A. Mundt Linda D. Dell Tom Sorahan Robert J. McCunney |
author_sort |
Peter Morfeld |
title |
Meta-Analysis of Cardiac Mortality in Three Cohorts of Carbon Black Production Workers |
title_short |
Meta-Analysis of Cardiac Mortality in Three Cohorts of Carbon Black Production Workers |
title_full |
Meta-Analysis of Cardiac Mortality in Three Cohorts of Carbon Black Production Workers |
title_fullStr |
Meta-Analysis of Cardiac Mortality in Three Cohorts of Carbon Black Production Workers |
title_full_unstemmed |
Meta-Analysis of Cardiac Mortality in Three Cohorts of Carbon Black Production Workers |
title_sort |
meta-analysis of cardiac mortality in three cohorts of carbon black production workers |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2016-03-01 |
description |
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between airborne environmental particle exposure and cardiac disease and mortality; however, few have examined such effects from poorly soluble particles of low toxicity such as manufactured carbon black (CB) particles in the work place. We combined standardised mortality ratio (SMR) and Cox proportional hazards results from cohort studies of US, UK and German CB production workers. Under a common protocol, we analysed mortality from all causes, heart disease (HD), ischemic heart disease (IHD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Fixed and random effects (RE) meta-regression models were fit for employment duration, and for overall cumulative and lugged quantitative CB exposure estimates. Full cohort meta-SMRs (RE) were 1.01 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79–1.29) for HD; 1.02 (95% CI 0.80–1.30) for IHD, and 1.08 (95% CI 0.74–1.59) for AMI mortality. For all three outcomes, meta-SMRs were heterogeneous, increased with time since first and time since last exposure, and peaked after 25–29 or 10–14 years, respectively. Meta-Cox coefficients showed no association with lugged duration of exposure. A small but imprecise increased AMI mortality risk was suggested for cumulative exposure (RE-hazards ratio (HR) = 1.10 per 100 mg/m3-years; 95% CI 0.92–1.31), but not for lugged exposures. Our results do not demonstrate that airborne CB exposure increases all-cause or cardiac disease mortality. |
topic |
heart disease ischemic heart disease myocardial infarction nanoparticles occupation epidemiology SMR Cox regression |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/13/3/302 |
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