Can Socioeconomic, Health, and Safety Data Explain the Spread of COVID-19 Outbreak on Brazilian Federative Units?
Infinite factors can influence the spread of COVID-19. Evaluating factors related to the spread of the disease is essential to point out measures that take effect. In this study, the influence of 14 variables was assessed together by Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) of the type Self-Organizing Maps...
Main Authors: | , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-11-01
|
Series: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/23/8921 |
id |
doaj-5a8df9188d8e423691977f18b30c3486 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-5a8df9188d8e423691977f18b30c34862020-12-01T00:04:01ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1661-78271660-46012020-11-01178921892110.3390/ijerph17238921Can Socioeconomic, Health, and Safety Data Explain the Spread of COVID-19 Outbreak on Brazilian Federative Units?Diego Galvan0Luciane Effting1Hágata Cremasco2Carlos Adam Conte-Junior3COVID-19 Research Group, Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-598, BrazilChemistry Department, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina PR 86057-970, BrazilChemistry Department, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina PR 86057-970, BrazilCOVID-19 Research Group, Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-598, BrazilInfinite factors can influence the spread of COVID-19. Evaluating factors related to the spread of the disease is essential to point out measures that take effect. In this study, the influence of 14 variables was assessed together by Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) of the type Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), to verify the relationship between numbers of cases and deaths from COVID-19 in Brazilian states for 110 days. The SOM analysis showed that the variables that presented a more significant relationship with the numbers of cases and deaths by COVID-19 were influenza vaccine applied, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), ventilators, physicians, nurses, and the Human Development Index (HDI). In general, Brazilian states with the highest rates of influenza vaccine applied, ICU beds, ventilators, physicians, and nurses, per 100,000 inhabitants, had the lowest number of cases and deaths from COVID-19, while the states with the lowest rates were most affected by the disease. According to the SOM analysis, other variables such as Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), tests, drugs, and Federal funds, did not have as significant effect as expected.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/23/8921coronavirus diseaseartificial neural networksSARS-CoV-2ventilatorindex development indexdeveloping country |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Diego Galvan Luciane Effting Hágata Cremasco Carlos Adam Conte-Junior |
spellingShingle |
Diego Galvan Luciane Effting Hágata Cremasco Carlos Adam Conte-Junior Can Socioeconomic, Health, and Safety Data Explain the Spread of COVID-19 Outbreak on Brazilian Federative Units? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health coronavirus disease artificial neural networks SARS-CoV-2 ventilator index development index developing country |
author_facet |
Diego Galvan Luciane Effting Hágata Cremasco Carlos Adam Conte-Junior |
author_sort |
Diego Galvan |
title |
Can Socioeconomic, Health, and Safety Data Explain the Spread of COVID-19 Outbreak on Brazilian Federative Units? |
title_short |
Can Socioeconomic, Health, and Safety Data Explain the Spread of COVID-19 Outbreak on Brazilian Federative Units? |
title_full |
Can Socioeconomic, Health, and Safety Data Explain the Spread of COVID-19 Outbreak on Brazilian Federative Units? |
title_fullStr |
Can Socioeconomic, Health, and Safety Data Explain the Spread of COVID-19 Outbreak on Brazilian Federative Units? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Can Socioeconomic, Health, and Safety Data Explain the Spread of COVID-19 Outbreak on Brazilian Federative Units? |
title_sort |
can socioeconomic, health, and safety data explain the spread of covid-19 outbreak on brazilian federative units? |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1661-7827 1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2020-11-01 |
description |
Infinite factors can influence the spread of COVID-19. Evaluating factors related to the spread of the disease is essential to point out measures that take effect. In this study, the influence of 14 variables was assessed together by Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) of the type Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), to verify the relationship between numbers of cases and deaths from COVID-19 in Brazilian states for 110 days. The SOM analysis showed that the variables that presented a more significant relationship with the numbers of cases and deaths by COVID-19 were influenza vaccine applied, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), ventilators, physicians, nurses, and the Human Development Index (HDI). In general, Brazilian states with the highest rates of influenza vaccine applied, ICU beds, ventilators, physicians, and nurses, per 100,000 inhabitants, had the lowest number of cases and deaths from COVID-19, while the states with the lowest rates were most affected by the disease. According to the SOM analysis, other variables such as Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), tests, drugs, and Federal funds, did not have as significant effect as expected. |
topic |
coronavirus disease artificial neural networks SARS-CoV-2 ventilator index development index developing country |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/23/8921 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT diegogalvan cansocioeconomichealthandsafetydataexplainthespreadofcovid19outbreakonbrazilianfederativeunits AT lucianeeffting cansocioeconomichealthandsafetydataexplainthespreadofcovid19outbreakonbrazilianfederativeunits AT hagatacremasco cansocioeconomichealthandsafetydataexplainthespreadofcovid19outbreakonbrazilianfederativeunits AT carlosadamcontejunior cansocioeconomichealthandsafetydataexplainthespreadofcovid19outbreakonbrazilianfederativeunits |
_version_ |
1724411176970878976 |