| Summary: | We have previously identified serum miR-483-5p as a preoperative diagnosis and prognosis biomarker for adrenocortical cancer (ACC). Here, we aimed to determine whether circulating miR-483-5p levels measured 3 months post-operatively distinguished patients with good prognosis (no recurrence for at least 3 years; NR3yrs) from patients with poor prognosis (recurrence or death within 3 years after surgery; R < 3yrs). We conducted a single-center retrospective analysis using sera from 48 patients with ACC that were initially non-metastatic and treated by surgery. Sera sampled within 3 months after surgery were available in 26 patients. MiR-483-5p absolute circulating levels were measured using quantitative PCR. Thirteen patients showed a recurrence before 3 years (=R < 3yrs). Thirteen patients showed no recurrence within 3 years, including 11 patients with a follow-up longer than 3 years (=NR3yrs). Serum miR-483-5p levels were higher in R < 3yrs than in NR3yrs: 1,541,990 ± 428,377 copies/mL vs. 388,457 ± 62,169 copies/mL (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that a value of 752,898 copies/mL distinguished R < 3yrs from NR3yrs with 61.5% sensitivity (CI 31.6−86.1) and 100% specificity (CI 71.5−100) with an area under the curve of 0.853. Patients with a value below this threshold had a significantly longer recurrence-free and overall survival. In multivariate analysis, miR-483-5p provided the single best prognostic value for recurrence-free survival (RFS) (hazard ratio (HR) for recurrence 5.98, <i>p</i> < 0.011) but not for overall survival. Our study suggests that serum miR-483-5p is a potent early post-operative biomarker for ACC prognosis that might be a better predictor of RFS than currently used markers.
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