Red Spinach Extract Increases Ventilatory Threshold during Graded Exercise Testing
Background: We examined the acute effect of a red spinach extract (RSE) (1000 mg dose; ~90 mg nitrate (NO 3 − )) on performance markers during graded exercise testing (GXT). Methods: For this randomized, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled, crossover study, 15 recreationally-active parti...
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doaj-5b35db5154c9409ab55672af09976b132020-11-25T00:47:14ZengMDPI AGSports2075-46632017-10-01548010.3390/sports5040080sports5040080Red Spinach Extract Increases Ventilatory Threshold during Graded Exercise TestingAngelique N. Moore0Cody T. Haun1Wesley C. Kephart2Angelia M. Holland3Christopher B. Mobley4David D. Pascoe5Michael D. Roberts6Jeffrey S. Martin7Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL 36832, USASchool of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USASchool of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USASchool of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USASchool of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USASchool of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USADepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL 36832, USADepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL 36832, USABackground: We examined the acute effect of a red spinach extract (RSE) (1000 mg dose; ~90 mg nitrate (NO 3 − )) on performance markers during graded exercise testing (GXT). Methods: For this randomized, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled, crossover study, 15 recreationally-active participants (aged 23.1 ± 3.3 years; BMI: 27.2 ± 3.7 kg/m2) reported >2 h post-prandial and performed GXT 65–75 min post-RSE or PBO ingestion. Blood samples were collected at baseline (BL), pre-GXT (65–75 min post-ingestion; PRE), and immediately post-GXT (POST). GXT commenced with continuous analysis of expired gases. Results: Plasma concentrations of NO 3 − increased PRE (+447 ± 294%; p < 0.001) and POST (+378 ± 179%; p < 0.001) GXT with RSE, but not with PBO (+3 ± 26%, −8 ± 24%, respectively; p > 0.05). No effect on circulating nitrite (NO 2 − ) was observed with RSE (+3.3 ± 7.5%, +7.7 ± 11.8% PRE and POST, respectively; p > 0.05) or PBO (−0.5 ± 7.9%, −0.2 ± 8.1% PRE and POST, respectively; p > 0.05). When compared to PBO, there was a moderate effect of RSE on plasma NO 2 − at PRE (g = 0.50 [−0.26, 1.24] and POST g = 0.71 [−0.05, 1.48]). During GXT, VO2 at the ventilatory threshold was significantly higher with RSE compared to PBO (+6.1 ± 7.3%; p < 0.05), though time-to-exhaustion (−4.0 ± 7.7%; p > 0.05) and maximal aerobic power (i.e., VO2 peak; −0.8 ± 5.6%; p > 0.05) were non-significantly lower with RSE. Conclusions: RSE as a nutritional supplement may elicit an ergogenic response by delaying the ventilatory threshold.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/5/4/80Amaranthus dubiussubmaximalendurance exercisenitrateanaerobic threshold |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Angelique N. Moore Cody T. Haun Wesley C. Kephart Angelia M. Holland Christopher B. Mobley David D. Pascoe Michael D. Roberts Jeffrey S. Martin |
spellingShingle |
Angelique N. Moore Cody T. Haun Wesley C. Kephart Angelia M. Holland Christopher B. Mobley David D. Pascoe Michael D. Roberts Jeffrey S. Martin Red Spinach Extract Increases Ventilatory Threshold during Graded Exercise Testing Sports Amaranthus dubius submaximal endurance exercise nitrate anaerobic threshold |
author_facet |
Angelique N. Moore Cody T. Haun Wesley C. Kephart Angelia M. Holland Christopher B. Mobley David D. Pascoe Michael D. Roberts Jeffrey S. Martin |
author_sort |
Angelique N. Moore |
title |
Red Spinach Extract Increases Ventilatory Threshold during Graded Exercise Testing |
title_short |
Red Spinach Extract Increases Ventilatory Threshold during Graded Exercise Testing |
title_full |
Red Spinach Extract Increases Ventilatory Threshold during Graded Exercise Testing |
title_fullStr |
Red Spinach Extract Increases Ventilatory Threshold during Graded Exercise Testing |
title_full_unstemmed |
Red Spinach Extract Increases Ventilatory Threshold during Graded Exercise Testing |
title_sort |
red spinach extract increases ventilatory threshold during graded exercise testing |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sports |
issn |
2075-4663 |
publishDate |
2017-10-01 |
description |
Background: We examined the acute effect of a red spinach extract (RSE) (1000 mg dose; ~90 mg nitrate (NO 3 − )) on performance markers during graded exercise testing (GXT). Methods: For this randomized, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled, crossover study, 15 recreationally-active participants (aged 23.1 ± 3.3 years; BMI: 27.2 ± 3.7 kg/m2) reported >2 h post-prandial and performed GXT 65–75 min post-RSE or PBO ingestion. Blood samples were collected at baseline (BL), pre-GXT (65–75 min post-ingestion; PRE), and immediately post-GXT (POST). GXT commenced with continuous analysis of expired gases. Results: Plasma concentrations of NO 3 − increased PRE (+447 ± 294%; p < 0.001) and POST (+378 ± 179%; p < 0.001) GXT with RSE, but not with PBO (+3 ± 26%, −8 ± 24%, respectively; p > 0.05). No effect on circulating nitrite (NO 2 − ) was observed with RSE (+3.3 ± 7.5%, +7.7 ± 11.8% PRE and POST, respectively; p > 0.05) or PBO (−0.5 ± 7.9%, −0.2 ± 8.1% PRE and POST, respectively; p > 0.05). When compared to PBO, there was a moderate effect of RSE on plasma NO 2 − at PRE (g = 0.50 [−0.26, 1.24] and POST g = 0.71 [−0.05, 1.48]). During GXT, VO2 at the ventilatory threshold was significantly higher with RSE compared to PBO (+6.1 ± 7.3%; p < 0.05), though time-to-exhaustion (−4.0 ± 7.7%; p > 0.05) and maximal aerobic power (i.e., VO2 peak; −0.8 ± 5.6%; p > 0.05) were non-significantly lower with RSE. Conclusions: RSE as a nutritional supplement may elicit an ergogenic response by delaying the ventilatory threshold. |
topic |
Amaranthus dubius submaximal endurance exercise nitrate anaerobic threshold |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/5/4/80 |
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