The Golf Shaft’s Influence on Clubhead-Ball Impact Dynamics
A long-held assumption in golf research is that the driver-ball impact is accurately modelled as a collision between two free bodies, i.e., the clubhead is not attached to the shaft. The purpose of this work was to examine the validity of this assumption using multibody simulation and motion capture...
Main Authors: | , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2018-02-01
|
Series: | Proceedings |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/2/6/245 |
id |
doaj-5b3b8f59e41846f9929f7f75821b9842 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-5b3b8f59e41846f9929f7f75821b98422020-11-24T23:28:50ZengMDPI AGProceedings2504-39002018-02-012624510.3390/proceedings2060245proceedings2060245The Golf Shaft’s Influence on Clubhead-Ball Impact DynamicsWilliam McNally0John McPhee1Erik Henrikson2Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaSystems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaPing Inc., 2200 W. Peoria Ave., Phoenix, AZ 85029, USAA long-held assumption in golf research is that the driver-ball impact is accurately modelled as a collision between two free bodies, i.e., the clubhead is not attached to the shaft. The purpose of this work was to examine the validity of this assumption using multibody simulation and motion capture technology. Ten elite golfers were recruited to participate in a motion capture experiment to validate a Rayleigh beam model of a flexible club. Using the six degree-of-freedom motion of the grip as an input to the model, the simulated shaft deflections showed good agreement with the experiment. An impact model based on volumetric contact was integrated with the flexible club model and was used to compare the launch conditions of free-body and full-club impacts. Analysis of the launch conditions revealed that the shaft creates a stiffening effect that resists clubhead rotation during contact, corresponding to an increase in ball speed and suppression of the gear-effect relative to free-body impacts. The results demonstrate that shaft dynamics cannot be treated as negligible when evaluating driver impact mechanics.http://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/2/6/245golfmultibody simulationimpact modellingshaftmotion capture |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
William McNally John McPhee Erik Henrikson |
spellingShingle |
William McNally John McPhee Erik Henrikson The Golf Shaft’s Influence on Clubhead-Ball Impact Dynamics Proceedings golf multibody simulation impact modelling shaft motion capture |
author_facet |
William McNally John McPhee Erik Henrikson |
author_sort |
William McNally |
title |
The Golf Shaft’s Influence on Clubhead-Ball Impact Dynamics |
title_short |
The Golf Shaft’s Influence on Clubhead-Ball Impact Dynamics |
title_full |
The Golf Shaft’s Influence on Clubhead-Ball Impact Dynamics |
title_fullStr |
The Golf Shaft’s Influence on Clubhead-Ball Impact Dynamics |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Golf Shaft’s Influence on Clubhead-Ball Impact Dynamics |
title_sort |
golf shaft’s influence on clubhead-ball impact dynamics |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Proceedings |
issn |
2504-3900 |
publishDate |
2018-02-01 |
description |
A long-held assumption in golf research is that the driver-ball impact is accurately modelled as a collision between two free bodies, i.e., the clubhead is not attached to the shaft. The purpose of this work was to examine the validity of this assumption using multibody simulation and motion capture technology. Ten elite golfers were recruited to participate in a motion capture experiment to validate a Rayleigh beam model of a flexible club. Using the six degree-of-freedom motion of the grip as an input to the model, the simulated shaft deflections showed good agreement with the experiment. An impact model based on volumetric contact was integrated with the flexible club model and was used to compare the launch conditions of free-body and full-club impacts. Analysis of the launch conditions revealed that the shaft creates a stiffening effect that resists clubhead rotation during contact, corresponding to an increase in ball speed and suppression of the gear-effect relative to free-body impacts. The results demonstrate that shaft dynamics cannot be treated as negligible when evaluating driver impact mechanics. |
topic |
golf multibody simulation impact modelling shaft motion capture |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/2/6/245 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT williammcnally thegolfshaftsinfluenceonclubheadballimpactdynamics AT johnmcphee thegolfshaftsinfluenceonclubheadballimpactdynamics AT erikhenrikson thegolfshaftsinfluenceonclubheadballimpactdynamics AT williammcnally golfshaftsinfluenceonclubheadballimpactdynamics AT johnmcphee golfshaftsinfluenceonclubheadballimpactdynamics AT erikhenrikson golfshaftsinfluenceonclubheadballimpactdynamics |
_version_ |
1725547756020301824 |