Graciliano Ramos: escritor, narrador, autor e herói. Uma leitura do “eu” na obra "Memórias do Cárcere"

• Main Author: Eloisy Oliveira Batista
• Format: Article
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: Universidade Estadual de Maringá 2009-09-01
• Series: Revista Espaço Acadêmico
• Subjects: memória, autobiografia, tempo, narrativa
• Online Access: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/EspacoAcademico/article/view/7567

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">Esse</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">artigo</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> discute o </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">modo</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">como</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> a </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">escrita</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">autobiográfica</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> revela a </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">construção</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> do “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">eu</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">” de Graciliano </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ramos</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">que</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">em</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memórias</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> do </span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cárcere</span></em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> assume os papéis de </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">escritor</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">profissional</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">), narrador (</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">voz</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">que</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> encena a </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">história</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">), </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">autor</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">que</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> garante a </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">unidade</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> do </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">texto</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">) e </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">herói</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">personagem</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">). A </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">obra</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> é </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">um</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> relato das </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">experiências</span><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">vividas </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">por</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ramos</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">quando</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">ele</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> esteve </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">preso</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">durante</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> a </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ditadura</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> de Getúlio Vargas, no </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">ano</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> de 1936. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">Para</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">tanto</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">, algumas </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">questões</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">são</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">centrais</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">: a </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">primeira</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> delas é a </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">relação</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">entre</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">tempo</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> e </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">espaço</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">que</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> se apresenta de </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">modo</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> constitutivo na </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">própria</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">estrutura</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> do </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">texto</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">, <em>“o </em></span><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">tempo</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> deixara de </span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">existir</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">” </span></em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">(</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">RAMOS</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">, 1953)<em>;</em> a </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">segunda</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> é o </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">uso</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dos </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">pronomes</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">que</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> revelam a </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">construção</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> do </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">gênero</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">autobiográfico</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> e da </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">identidade</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dos participantes do </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">discurso</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">, <em>“desgosta-me </em></span><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">usar</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> a </span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">primeira</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">pessoa</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">”</span></em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">RAMOS</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">, 1953); e a </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">terceira</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> é a </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">discussão</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> do “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">estilo</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">” da </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">autobiografia</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">,<em> "</em></span><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">Quem</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dormiu no </span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">chão</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> deve lembrar-se disto, impor-se </span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">disciplina</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">, sentar-se </span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">em</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">cadeiras</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> duras, </span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">escrever</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">em</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">tábuas</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> estreitas”</span></em><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">RAMOS</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: "Times New Roman";">, 1953). </span></p>