Spatial–temporal patterns of inorganic nitrogen air concentrations and deposition in eastern China
<p>Five-year (2011–2015) measurements of gaseous NH<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, and HNO<sub>3</sub> and particulate NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> in air and/or precipita...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2018-08-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/10931/2018/acp-18-10931-2018.pdf |
| id |
doaj-5c45ec6ed8d44205b12920f71cbe19d3 |
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| record_format |
Article |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
W. Xu W. Xu L. Liu M. Cheng Y. Zhao L. Zhang Y. Pan X. Zhang B. Gu Y. Li X. Zhang J. Shen L. Lu X. Luo Y. Zhao Z. Feng J. L. Collett Jr. F. Zhang X. Liu |
| spellingShingle |
W. Xu W. Xu L. Liu M. Cheng Y. Zhao L. Zhang Y. Pan X. Zhang B. Gu Y. Li X. Zhang J. Shen L. Lu X. Luo Y. Zhao Z. Feng J. L. Collett Jr. F. Zhang X. Liu Spatial–temporal patterns of inorganic nitrogen air concentrations and deposition in eastern China Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| author_facet |
W. Xu W. Xu L. Liu M. Cheng Y. Zhao L. Zhang Y. Pan X. Zhang B. Gu Y. Li X. Zhang J. Shen L. Lu X. Luo Y. Zhao Z. Feng J. L. Collett Jr. F. Zhang X. Liu |
| author_sort |
W. Xu |
| title |
Spatial–temporal patterns of inorganic nitrogen air concentrations and deposition in eastern China |
| title_short |
Spatial–temporal patterns of inorganic nitrogen air concentrations and deposition in eastern China |
| title_full |
Spatial–temporal patterns of inorganic nitrogen air concentrations and deposition in eastern China |
| title_fullStr |
Spatial–temporal patterns of inorganic nitrogen air concentrations and deposition in eastern China |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Spatial–temporal patterns of inorganic nitrogen air concentrations and deposition in eastern China |
| title_sort |
spatial–temporal patterns of inorganic nitrogen air concentrations and deposition in eastern china |
| publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
| series |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| issn |
1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| publishDate |
2018-08-01 |
| description |
<p>Five-year (2011–2015) measurements of gaseous NH<sub>3</sub>,
NO<sub>2</sub>, and HNO<sub>3</sub> and particulate NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and
NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> in air and/or precipitation were conducted at 27
sites in the Nationwide Nitrogen Deposition Monitoring Network (NNDMN) to
better understand spatial and temporal (seasonal and annual) characteristics
of reactive nitrogen (N<sub>r</sub>) concentrations and deposition in
eastern China. Our observations reveal annual average concentrations
(16.4–32.6 µg N m<sup>−3</sup>), dry deposition fluxes
(15.8–31.7 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>), and wet/bulk deposition fluxes
(18.4–28.0 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>) based on land use, ranked as
urban > rural > background sites. Annual
concentrations and dry deposition fluxes of each N<sub>r</sub> species in
air were comparable at urban and background sites in northern and southern
regions, but were significantly higher at northern rural sites. These
results, together with good agreement between spatial distributions of
NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations determined from ground
measurements and satellite observations, demonstrate that atmospheric
N<sub>r</sub> pollution is heavier in the northern region than in the
southern region. No significant inter-annual trends were found in the annual
N<sub>r</sub> dry and wet/bulk N deposition at almost all of the selected
sites. A lack of significant changes in annual averages between the
2013–2015 and 2011–2012 periods for all land use types suggests that any
effects of current emission controls are not yet apparent in N<sub>r</sub>
pollution and deposition in the region. Ambient concentrations of total
N<sub>r</sub> exhibited non-significant seasonal variation at all land use
types, although significant seasonal variations were found for individual
N<sub>r</sub> species (e.g. NH<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, and
<i>p</i>NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) in most cases. In contrast, dry deposition of total
N<sub>r</sub> exhibited a consistent and significant seasonal variation at
all land use types, with the highest fluxes in summer and the lowest in
winter. Based on sensitivity tests by the GEOS-Chem model, we found that
NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from fertilizer use (including chemical and organic
fertilizers) were the largest contributor (36 %) to total inorganic
N<sub>r</sub> deposition over eastern China. Our results not only improve
the understanding of spatial–temporal variations of N<sub>r</sub>
concentrations and deposition in this pollution hotspot, but also provide
useful information for policy-makers that mitigation of NH<sub>3</sub>
emissions should be a priority to tackle serious N deposition in eastern
China.</p> |
| url |
https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/10931/2018/acp-18-10931-2018.pdf |
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doaj-5c45ec6ed8d44205b12920f71cbe19d32020-11-24T22:09:50ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242018-08-0118109311095410.5194/acp-18-10931-2018Spatial–temporal patterns of inorganic nitrogen air concentrations and deposition in eastern ChinaW. Xu0W. Xu1L. Liu2M. Cheng3Y. Zhao4L. Zhang5Y. Pan6X. Zhang7B. Gu8Y. Li9X. Zhang10J. Shen11L. Lu12X. Luo13Y. Zhao14Z. Feng15J. L. Collett Jr.16F. Zhang17X. Liu18College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cropland Pollution Control and Remediation, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaLaboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaLaboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaSchool of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, AustraliaDepartment of Land Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaArizona Department of Environmental Quality, Phoenix, AZ 85007, USAJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaInstitute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, ChinaInstitute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaInstitute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Eco-environment, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, ChinaDepartment of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523 USACollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cropland Pollution Control and Remediation, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cropland Pollution Control and Remediation, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China<p>Five-year (2011–2015) measurements of gaseous NH<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, and HNO<sub>3</sub> and particulate NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> in air and/or precipitation were conducted at 27 sites in the Nationwide Nitrogen Deposition Monitoring Network (NNDMN) to better understand spatial and temporal (seasonal and annual) characteristics of reactive nitrogen (N<sub>r</sub>) concentrations and deposition in eastern China. Our observations reveal annual average concentrations (16.4–32.6 µg N m<sup>−3</sup>), dry deposition fluxes (15.8–31.7 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>), and wet/bulk deposition fluxes (18.4–28.0 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>) based on land use, ranked as urban > rural > background sites. Annual concentrations and dry deposition fluxes of each N<sub>r</sub> species in air were comparable at urban and background sites in northern and southern regions, but were significantly higher at northern rural sites. These results, together with good agreement between spatial distributions of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations determined from ground measurements and satellite observations, demonstrate that atmospheric N<sub>r</sub> pollution is heavier in the northern region than in the southern region. No significant inter-annual trends were found in the annual N<sub>r</sub> dry and wet/bulk N deposition at almost all of the selected sites. A lack of significant changes in annual averages between the 2013–2015 and 2011–2012 periods for all land use types suggests that any effects of current emission controls are not yet apparent in N<sub>r</sub> pollution and deposition in the region. Ambient concentrations of total N<sub>r</sub> exhibited non-significant seasonal variation at all land use types, although significant seasonal variations were found for individual N<sub>r</sub> species (e.g. NH<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, and <i>p</i>NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) in most cases. In contrast, dry deposition of total N<sub>r</sub> exhibited a consistent and significant seasonal variation at all land use types, with the highest fluxes in summer and the lowest in winter. Based on sensitivity tests by the GEOS-Chem model, we found that NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from fertilizer use (including chemical and organic fertilizers) were the largest contributor (36 %) to total inorganic N<sub>r</sub> deposition over eastern China. Our results not only improve the understanding of spatial–temporal variations of N<sub>r</sub> concentrations and deposition in this pollution hotspot, but also provide useful information for policy-makers that mitigation of NH<sub>3</sub> emissions should be a priority to tackle serious N deposition in eastern China.</p>https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/10931/2018/acp-18-10931-2018.pdf |