The origin and evolutionary history of HIV-1 subtype C in Senegal.
BACKGROUND: The classification of HIV-1 strains in subtypes and Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) has helped in tracking the course of the HIV pandemic. In Senegal, which is located at the tip of West Africa, CRF02_AG predominates in the general population and Female Sex Workers (FSWs). In contra...
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doaj-5c9a23c49fb24361aa32a8cf370f57092020-11-25T00:02:41ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032012-01-0173e3357910.1371/journal.pone.0033579The origin and evolutionary history of HIV-1 subtype C in Senegal.Matthieu JungNafissatou LeyeNicole VidalDenis FargetteHalimatou DiopCoumba Toure KaneOlivier GascuelMartine PeetersBACKGROUND: The classification of HIV-1 strains in subtypes and Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) has helped in tracking the course of the HIV pandemic. In Senegal, which is located at the tip of West Africa, CRF02_AG predominates in the general population and Female Sex Workers (FSWs). In contrast, 40% of Men having Sex with Men (MSM) in Senegal are infected with subtype C. In this study we analyzed the geographical origins and introduction dates of HIV-1 C in Senegal in order to better understand the evolutionary history of this subtype, which predominates today in the MSM population METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used a combination of phylogenetic analyses and a Bayesian coalescent-based approach, to study the phylogenetic relationships in pol of 56 subtype C isolates from Senegal with 3,025 subtype C strains that were sampled worldwide. Our analysis shows a significantly well supported cluster which contains all subtype C strains that circulate among MSM in Senegal. The MSM cluster and other strains from Senegal are widely dispersed among the different subclusters of African HIV-1 C strains, suggesting multiple introductions of subtype C in Senegal from many different southern and east African countries. More detailed analyses show that HIV-1 C strains from MSM are more closely related to those from southern Africa. The estimated date of the MRCA of subtype C in the MSM population in Senegal is estimated to be in the early 80's. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our evolutionary reconstructions suggest that multiple subtype C viruses with a common ancestor originating in the early 1970s entered Senegal. There was only one efficient spread in the MSM population, which most likely resulted from a single introduction, underlining the importance of high-risk behavior in spread of viruses.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3314668?pdf=render |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Matthieu Jung Nafissatou Leye Nicole Vidal Denis Fargette Halimatou Diop Coumba Toure Kane Olivier Gascuel Martine Peeters |
spellingShingle |
Matthieu Jung Nafissatou Leye Nicole Vidal Denis Fargette Halimatou Diop Coumba Toure Kane Olivier Gascuel Martine Peeters The origin and evolutionary history of HIV-1 subtype C in Senegal. PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
Matthieu Jung Nafissatou Leye Nicole Vidal Denis Fargette Halimatou Diop Coumba Toure Kane Olivier Gascuel Martine Peeters |
author_sort |
Matthieu Jung |
title |
The origin and evolutionary history of HIV-1 subtype C in Senegal. |
title_short |
The origin and evolutionary history of HIV-1 subtype C in Senegal. |
title_full |
The origin and evolutionary history of HIV-1 subtype C in Senegal. |
title_fullStr |
The origin and evolutionary history of HIV-1 subtype C in Senegal. |
title_full_unstemmed |
The origin and evolutionary history of HIV-1 subtype C in Senegal. |
title_sort |
origin and evolutionary history of hiv-1 subtype c in senegal. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2012-01-01 |
description |
BACKGROUND: The classification of HIV-1 strains in subtypes and Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) has helped in tracking the course of the HIV pandemic. In Senegal, which is located at the tip of West Africa, CRF02_AG predominates in the general population and Female Sex Workers (FSWs). In contrast, 40% of Men having Sex with Men (MSM) in Senegal are infected with subtype C. In this study we analyzed the geographical origins and introduction dates of HIV-1 C in Senegal in order to better understand the evolutionary history of this subtype, which predominates today in the MSM population METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used a combination of phylogenetic analyses and a Bayesian coalescent-based approach, to study the phylogenetic relationships in pol of 56 subtype C isolates from Senegal with 3,025 subtype C strains that were sampled worldwide. Our analysis shows a significantly well supported cluster which contains all subtype C strains that circulate among MSM in Senegal. The MSM cluster and other strains from Senegal are widely dispersed among the different subclusters of African HIV-1 C strains, suggesting multiple introductions of subtype C in Senegal from many different southern and east African countries. More detailed analyses show that HIV-1 C strains from MSM are more closely related to those from southern Africa. The estimated date of the MRCA of subtype C in the MSM population in Senegal is estimated to be in the early 80's. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our evolutionary reconstructions suggest that multiple subtype C viruses with a common ancestor originating in the early 1970s entered Senegal. There was only one efficient spread in the MSM population, which most likely resulted from a single introduction, underlining the importance of high-risk behavior in spread of viruses. |
url |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3314668?pdf=render |
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