Neural systems and hormones mediating attraction to infant and child faces
We find infant faces highly attractive as a result of specific features which Konrad Lorenz termed Kindchenschema or baby schema, and this is considered to be an important adaptive trait for promoting protective and caregiving behaviors in adults, thereby increasing the chances of infant survival. T...
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2015-07-01
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doaj-5cb727a3bb664a6c9d67748cbcdc87d42020-11-24T23:08:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782015-07-01610.3389/fpsyg.2015.00970147928Neural systems and hormones mediating attraction to infant and child facesLizhu eLuo0Xiaole eMa1Xiaoxiao eZheng2Weihua eZhao3Lei eXu4Benjamin eBecker5Keith Maurice Kendrick6University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaWe find infant faces highly attractive as a result of specific features which Konrad Lorenz termed Kindchenschema or baby schema, and this is considered to be an important adaptive trait for promoting protective and caregiving behaviors in adults, thereby increasing the chances of infant survival. This review first examines the behavioral support for this effect and physical and behavioral factors which can influence it. It next reviews the increasing number of neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies investigating the neural circuitry underlying this baby schema effect in both parents and non-parents of both sexes. Next it considers potential hormonal contributions to the baby schema effect in both sexes and then neural effects associated with reduced responses to infant cues in post-partum depression, anxiety and drug taking. Overall the findings reviewed reveal a very extensive neural circuitry involved in our perception of cutenessin infant faces with enhanced activation compared to adult faces being found in brain regions involved in face perception, attention, emotion, empathy, memory, reward and attachment, theory of mind and also control of motor responses.Both mothers and fathers also show evidence for enhanced responses in these same neural systems when viewing their own as opposed to another child. Furthermore, responses to infant cues in many of these neural systems are reduced in mothers with post-partum depression or anxiety or have taken addictive drugs throughout pregnancy. In general reproductively active women tend to rate infant faces as cuter than men, which may reflect both heightened attention to relevant cues and a stronger activation in their brain reward circuitry. Perception of infant cuteness may also be influenced by reproductive hormones with the hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin being most strongly associated to date with increased attention andattractionto infant cues in both sexes.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00970/fullHormonesneural circuitryparental behaviorbaby schemaInfant face |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Lizhu eLuo Xiaole eMa Xiaoxiao eZheng Weihua eZhao Lei eXu Benjamin eBecker Keith Maurice Kendrick |
spellingShingle |
Lizhu eLuo Xiaole eMa Xiaoxiao eZheng Weihua eZhao Lei eXu Benjamin eBecker Keith Maurice Kendrick Neural systems and hormones mediating attraction to infant and child faces Frontiers in Psychology Hormones neural circuitry parental behavior baby schema Infant face |
author_facet |
Lizhu eLuo Xiaole eMa Xiaoxiao eZheng Weihua eZhao Lei eXu Benjamin eBecker Keith Maurice Kendrick |
author_sort |
Lizhu eLuo |
title |
Neural systems and hormones mediating attraction to infant and child faces |
title_short |
Neural systems and hormones mediating attraction to infant and child faces |
title_full |
Neural systems and hormones mediating attraction to infant and child faces |
title_fullStr |
Neural systems and hormones mediating attraction to infant and child faces |
title_full_unstemmed |
Neural systems and hormones mediating attraction to infant and child faces |
title_sort |
neural systems and hormones mediating attraction to infant and child faces |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Psychology |
issn |
1664-1078 |
publishDate |
2015-07-01 |
description |
We find infant faces highly attractive as a result of specific features which Konrad Lorenz termed Kindchenschema or baby schema, and this is considered to be an important adaptive trait for promoting protective and caregiving behaviors in adults, thereby increasing the chances of infant survival. This review first examines the behavioral support for this effect and physical and behavioral factors which can influence it. It next reviews the increasing number of neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies investigating the neural circuitry underlying this baby schema effect in both parents and non-parents of both sexes. Next it considers potential hormonal contributions to the baby schema effect in both sexes and then neural effects associated with reduced responses to infant cues in post-partum depression, anxiety and drug taking. Overall the findings reviewed reveal a very extensive neural circuitry involved in our perception of cutenessin infant faces with enhanced activation compared to adult faces being found in brain regions involved in face perception, attention, emotion, empathy, memory, reward and attachment, theory of mind and also control of motor responses.Both mothers and fathers also show evidence for enhanced responses in these same neural systems when viewing their own as opposed to another child. Furthermore, responses to infant cues in many of these neural systems are reduced in mothers with post-partum depression or anxiety or have taken addictive drugs throughout pregnancy. In general reproductively active women tend to rate infant faces as cuter than men, which may reflect both heightened attention to relevant cues and a stronger activation in their brain reward circuitry. Perception of infant cuteness may also be influenced by reproductive hormones with the hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin being most strongly associated to date with increased attention andattractionto infant cues in both sexes. |
topic |
Hormones neural circuitry parental behavior baby schema Infant face |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00970/full |
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