AoBck1 and AoMkk1 Are Necessary to Maintain Cell Wall Integrity, Vegetative Growth, Conidiation, Stress Resistance, and Pathogenicity in the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora
The cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway is composed of three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), Bck1, Mkk1/2, and Slt2, and is one of the main signaling pathways for fungal pathogenesis, cell wall synthesis, and integrity maintenance. In this study, we characterized orthologs of Saccharomyces...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.649582/full |
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Article |
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DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
Meihua Xie Meihua Xie Jiangliu Yang Jiangliu Yang Kexin Jiang Kexin Jiang Na Bai Na Bai Meichen Zhu Meichen Zhu Yingmei Zhu Yingmei Zhu Ke-Qin Zhang Ke-Qin Zhang Jinkui Yang Jinkui Yang |
| spellingShingle |
Meihua Xie Meihua Xie Jiangliu Yang Jiangliu Yang Kexin Jiang Kexin Jiang Na Bai Na Bai Meichen Zhu Meichen Zhu Yingmei Zhu Yingmei Zhu Ke-Qin Zhang Ke-Qin Zhang Jinkui Yang Jinkui Yang AoBck1 and AoMkk1 Are Necessary to Maintain Cell Wall Integrity, Vegetative Growth, Conidiation, Stress Resistance, and Pathogenicity in the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora Frontiers in Microbiology Arthrobotrys oligospora cell wall integrity pathway mitogen-activated protein kinases Bck1 and Mkk1 cell wall damage Woronin body trap formation |
| author_facet |
Meihua Xie Meihua Xie Jiangliu Yang Jiangliu Yang Kexin Jiang Kexin Jiang Na Bai Na Bai Meichen Zhu Meichen Zhu Yingmei Zhu Yingmei Zhu Ke-Qin Zhang Ke-Qin Zhang Jinkui Yang Jinkui Yang |
| author_sort |
Meihua Xie |
| title |
AoBck1 and AoMkk1 Are Necessary to Maintain Cell Wall Integrity, Vegetative Growth, Conidiation, Stress Resistance, and Pathogenicity in the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora |
| title_short |
AoBck1 and AoMkk1 Are Necessary to Maintain Cell Wall Integrity, Vegetative Growth, Conidiation, Stress Resistance, and Pathogenicity in the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora |
| title_full |
AoBck1 and AoMkk1 Are Necessary to Maintain Cell Wall Integrity, Vegetative Growth, Conidiation, Stress Resistance, and Pathogenicity in the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora |
| title_fullStr |
AoBck1 and AoMkk1 Are Necessary to Maintain Cell Wall Integrity, Vegetative Growth, Conidiation, Stress Resistance, and Pathogenicity in the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora |
| title_full_unstemmed |
AoBck1 and AoMkk1 Are Necessary to Maintain Cell Wall Integrity, Vegetative Growth, Conidiation, Stress Resistance, and Pathogenicity in the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora |
| title_sort |
aobck1 and aomkk1 are necessary to maintain cell wall integrity, vegetative growth, conidiation, stress resistance, and pathogenicity in the nematode-trapping fungus arthrobotrys oligospora |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| series |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
| issn |
1664-302X |
| publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
| description |
The cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway is composed of three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), Bck1, Mkk1/2, and Slt2, and is one of the main signaling pathways for fungal pathogenesis, cell wall synthesis, and integrity maintenance. In this study, we characterized orthologs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bck1 and Mkk1 in the nematode-trapping (NT) fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora by multiple phenotypic comparison, and the regulation of conidiation and cell wall synthesis was analyzed using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Both ΔAoBck1 and ΔAoMkk1 mutants showed severe defects in vegetative growth, cell nucleus number, and stress resistance. Both the mutants were unable to produce spores, and the transcription of several genes associated with sporulation and cell wall biosynthesis was markedly downregulated during the conidiation stage. Further, cell walls of the ΔAoBck1 and ΔAoMkk1 mutants were severely damaged, and the Woronin body failed to respond to cellular damage. In particular, the mutants lost the ability to produce mycelial traps for nematode predation. Taken together, AoBck1 and AoMkk1 play a conserved role in mycelial growth and development, CWI, conidiation, multi-stress tolerance, trap formation, and pathogenicity. We highlighted the role of AoBck1 and AoMkk1 in regulating the Woronin body response to cellular damage and cell nucleus development in A. oligospora. |
| topic |
Arthrobotrys oligospora cell wall integrity pathway mitogen-activated protein kinases Bck1 and Mkk1 cell wall damage Woronin body trap formation |
| url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.649582/full |
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doaj-5cedda15a32445f49b1643401c1bb60f2021-06-22T06:23:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2021-06-011210.3389/fmicb.2021.649582649582AoBck1 and AoMkk1 Are Necessary to Maintain Cell Wall Integrity, Vegetative Growth, Conidiation, Stress Resistance, and Pathogenicity in the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligosporaMeihua Xie0Meihua Xie1Jiangliu Yang2Jiangliu Yang3Kexin Jiang4Kexin Jiang5Na Bai6Na Bai7Meichen Zhu8Meichen Zhu9Yingmei Zhu10Yingmei Zhu11Ke-Qin Zhang12Ke-Qin Zhang13Jinkui Yang14Jinkui Yang15State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, ChinaSchool of Resources, Environment and Chemistry, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, ChinaSchool of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, ChinaSchool of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, ChinaSchool of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, ChinaSchool of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, ChinaSchool of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, ChinaSchool of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, ChinaSchool of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, ChinaThe cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway is composed of three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), Bck1, Mkk1/2, and Slt2, and is one of the main signaling pathways for fungal pathogenesis, cell wall synthesis, and integrity maintenance. In this study, we characterized orthologs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bck1 and Mkk1 in the nematode-trapping (NT) fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora by multiple phenotypic comparison, and the regulation of conidiation and cell wall synthesis was analyzed using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Both ΔAoBck1 and ΔAoMkk1 mutants showed severe defects in vegetative growth, cell nucleus number, and stress resistance. Both the mutants were unable to produce spores, and the transcription of several genes associated with sporulation and cell wall biosynthesis was markedly downregulated during the conidiation stage. Further, cell walls of the ΔAoBck1 and ΔAoMkk1 mutants were severely damaged, and the Woronin body failed to respond to cellular damage. In particular, the mutants lost the ability to produce mycelial traps for nematode predation. Taken together, AoBck1 and AoMkk1 play a conserved role in mycelial growth and development, CWI, conidiation, multi-stress tolerance, trap formation, and pathogenicity. We highlighted the role of AoBck1 and AoMkk1 in regulating the Woronin body response to cellular damage and cell nucleus development in A. oligospora.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.649582/fullArthrobotrys oligosporacell wall integrity pathwaymitogen-activated protein kinases Bck1 and Mkk1cell wall damageWoronin bodytrap formation |