The catalytic roles of P185 and T188 and substrate-binding loop flexibility in 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/carbonyl reductase from Comamonas testosteroni.

• Main Authors: Chi-Ching Hwang, Yi-Hsun Chang, Hwei-Jen Lee, Tzu-Pin Wang, Yu-Mei Su, Hsin-Wei Chen, Po-Huang Liang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013-01-01
• Series: PLoS ONE
• Online Access: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23717450/pdf/?tool=EBI

3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/carbonyl reductase from Comamonas testosteroni reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of androsterone with NAD(+) to form androstanedione and NADH. Structurally the substrate-binding loop of the residues, T188-K208, is unresolved, while binding with NAD(+) causes the appearance of T188-P191 in the binary complex. This study determines the functional roles of the flexible substrate-binding loop in conformational changes and enzyme catalysis. A stopped-flow study reveals that the rate-limiting step in the reaction is the release of the NADH. The mutation at P185 in the hinge region and T188 in the loop causes a significant increase in the Kd value for NADH by fluorescence titration. A kinetic study of the mutants of P185A, P185G, T188A and T188S shows an increase in k(cat), K(androsterone) and K(iNAD) and equal primary isotope effects of (D)V and (D) (V/K). Therefore, these mutants increase the dissociation of the nucleotide cofactor, thereby increasing the rate of release of the product and producing the rate-limiting step in the hydride transfer. Simulated molecular modeling gives results that are consistent with the conformational change in the substrate-binding loop after NAD(+) binding. These results indicate that P185, T188 and the flexible substrate-binding loop are involved in binding with the nucleotide cofactor and with androsterone and are also involved in catalysis.