New Insights into the Occurrence and Toxin Profile of Ciguatoxins in Selvagens Islands (Madeira, Portugal)
Ciguatoxins (CTXs), endemic from tropical and subtropical regions of the Pacific and Indian Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, have caused several human poisonings during the last decade in Europe. Ciguatera fish poisonings (CFP) in Madeira and Canary Islands appear to be particularly related with consump...
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doaj-5d25ebe9184d4389a11c838bd3ae158e2020-11-24T23:48:13ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512018-12-01101252410.3390/toxins10120524toxins10120524New Insights into the Occurrence and Toxin Profile of Ciguatoxins in Selvagens Islands (Madeira, Portugal)Pedro Reis Costa0Pablo Estevez1David Castro2Lucía Soliño3Neide Gouveia4Carolina Santos5Susana Margarida Rodrigues6José Manuel Leao7Ana Gago-Martínez8IPMA—Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, PortugalFaculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainFaculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainIPMA—Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, PortugalRegional Fisheries Management—Madeira Government, DSI-DRP, Estrada da Pontinha 9004-562 Funchal, Madeira, PortugalInstituto das Florestas e Conservação da Natureza, IP-RAM, Secretaria Regional do Ambiente e Recursos Naturais, Regional Government of Madeira, IFCN IP-RAM, Quinta Vila Passos—Rua Alferes Veiga Pestana 15, 9054-505 Funchal, Madeira, PortugalIPMA—Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, PortugalFaculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainFaculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainCiguatoxins (CTXs), endemic from tropical and subtropical regions of the Pacific and Indian Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, have caused several human poisonings during the last decade in Europe. Ciguatera fish poisonings (CFP) in Madeira and Canary Islands appear to be particularly related with consumption of fish caught close to Selvagens Islands, a Portuguese natural reserve composed of three small islands that harbor high fish biomass. In this study, fish specimens considered as potential vectors of CTXs were caught in Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos for toxins determination via sensitive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (LC⁻MS/MS). CTXs were found in most of the fish samples from Selvagens and none from Madeira. Caribbean ciguatoxin-1 (C-CTX1) was the only toxin congener determined, reaching the highest value of 0.25 µg C-CTX1 kg<sup>−1</sup> in a 4.6 kg island grouper (<i>Mycteroperca fusca</i>). This study indicates that a diversity of fish from different trophic levels contains CTXs, Selvagens appear to be one of the most favorable locations for CTXs food web transfer and finally, this study highlights the need of further research based on intensive environmental and biological sampling on these remote islands.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/10/12/524ciguatera fish poisoninggambierdiscusseafood safetyC-CTX-1 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Pedro Reis Costa Pablo Estevez David Castro Lucía Soliño Neide Gouveia Carolina Santos Susana Margarida Rodrigues José Manuel Leao Ana Gago-Martínez |
spellingShingle |
Pedro Reis Costa Pablo Estevez David Castro Lucía Soliño Neide Gouveia Carolina Santos Susana Margarida Rodrigues José Manuel Leao Ana Gago-Martínez New Insights into the Occurrence and Toxin Profile of Ciguatoxins in Selvagens Islands (Madeira, Portugal) Toxins ciguatera fish poisoning gambierdiscus seafood safety C-CTX-1 |
author_facet |
Pedro Reis Costa Pablo Estevez David Castro Lucía Soliño Neide Gouveia Carolina Santos Susana Margarida Rodrigues José Manuel Leao Ana Gago-Martínez |
author_sort |
Pedro Reis Costa |
title |
New Insights into the Occurrence and Toxin Profile of Ciguatoxins in Selvagens Islands (Madeira, Portugal) |
title_short |
New Insights into the Occurrence and Toxin Profile of Ciguatoxins in Selvagens Islands (Madeira, Portugal) |
title_full |
New Insights into the Occurrence and Toxin Profile of Ciguatoxins in Selvagens Islands (Madeira, Portugal) |
title_fullStr |
New Insights into the Occurrence and Toxin Profile of Ciguatoxins in Selvagens Islands (Madeira, Portugal) |
title_full_unstemmed |
New Insights into the Occurrence and Toxin Profile of Ciguatoxins in Selvagens Islands (Madeira, Portugal) |
title_sort |
new insights into the occurrence and toxin profile of ciguatoxins in selvagens islands (madeira, portugal) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Toxins |
issn |
2072-6651 |
publishDate |
2018-12-01 |
description |
Ciguatoxins (CTXs), endemic from tropical and subtropical regions of the Pacific and Indian Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, have caused several human poisonings during the last decade in Europe. Ciguatera fish poisonings (CFP) in Madeira and Canary Islands appear to be particularly related with consumption of fish caught close to Selvagens Islands, a Portuguese natural reserve composed of three small islands that harbor high fish biomass. In this study, fish specimens considered as potential vectors of CTXs were caught in Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos for toxins determination via sensitive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (LC⁻MS/MS). CTXs were found in most of the fish samples from Selvagens and none from Madeira. Caribbean ciguatoxin-1 (C-CTX1) was the only toxin congener determined, reaching the highest value of 0.25 µg C-CTX1 kg<sup>−1</sup> in a 4.6 kg island grouper (<i>Mycteroperca fusca</i>). This study indicates that a diversity of fish from different trophic levels contains CTXs, Selvagens appear to be one of the most favorable locations for CTXs food web transfer and finally, this study highlights the need of further research based on intensive environmental and biological sampling on these remote islands. |
topic |
ciguatera fish poisoning gambierdiscus seafood safety C-CTX-1 |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/10/12/524 |
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