Double-Multiple Streamtube Analysis of a Flexible Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

• Main Authors: Lalit Roy, Kellis Kincaid, Roohany Mahmud, David W. MacPhee
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-03-01
• Series: Fluids
• Subjects: DMST; VAWT; airfoil; flexible blade; morphing blade; CL
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/6/3/118

Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have drawn increased attention for off-grid and off-shore power generation due to inherent advantages over the more popular horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs). Among these advantages are generator locale, omni-directionality and simplistic design. However, one major disadvantage is lower efficiency, which can be alleviated through blade pitching. Since each blade must transit both up- and down-stream each revolution, VAWT blade pitching techniques are not yet commonplace due to increased complexity and cost. Utilizing passively-morphing flexible blades can offer similar results as active pitching, requiring no sensors or actuators, and has shown promise in increasing VAWT performance in select cases. In this study, wind tunnel tests have been conducted with flexible and rigid-bladed NACA 0012 airfoils, in order to provide necessary input data for a Double-Multiple Stream-Tube (DMST) model. The results from this study indicate that a passively-morphing VAWT can achieve a maximum power coefficient (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) far exceeding that for a rigid-bladed VAWT <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> (18.9% vs. 10%) with reduced normal force fluctuations as much as 6.9%. Operational range of tip-speed ratio also is observed to increase by a maximum of 40.3%.