Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in canine population and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) ticks from southern Metro Manila and Laguna, Philippines
Abstract Background The tropical climate of the Philippines and the high population of dogs, particularly in cities, favors the life-cycle of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato), a vector of several canine tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) including zoonotic Rickettsia spp. Suspected...
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doaj-5ea794b9baeb49dfbd9f1564f7735df92020-11-25T01:15:24ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052018-12-011111810.1186/s13071-018-3192-yMolecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in canine population and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) ticks from southern Metro Manila and Laguna, PhilippinesRemil L. Galay0Anna Angelica L. Manalo1Sidney Lyndon D. Dolores2Irene Pearl M. Aguilar3Kristina Andrea C. Sandalo4Kathlyn B. Cruz5Billy P. Divina6Masako Andoh7Tatsunori Masatani8Tetsuya Tanaka9Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los BañosDepartment of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los BañosDepartment of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los BañosDepartment of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los BañosDepartment of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los BañosCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cagayan State UniversityDepartment of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los BañosLaboratory of Public Health, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima UniversityTransboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima UniversityLaboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima UniversityAbstract Background The tropical climate of the Philippines and the high population of dogs, particularly in cities, favors the life-cycle of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato), a vector of several canine tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) including zoonotic Rickettsia spp. Suspected cases of infections are commonly encountered in veterinary clinics, but the specific TBPs are rarely identified. Furthermore, infection with Rickettsia is not being clinically examined in dogs. In this study, the occurrence of TBPs in blood and ticks collected from household and impounded dogs in highly populated areas of the Philippines, Metro Manila, and the nearby province of Laguna, was examined. Results A total of 248 blood samples and 157 tick samples were subjected to PCR. First, samples were screened using primers for Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp. and Babesia/Hepatozoon spp. Those that turned positive were further subjected to species-specific PCR. Rickettsia spp. were also detected through a nested PCR. Of the 248 blood samples, 56 (22.6%) were positive for Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp., while 19 (7.6%) were positive for Babesia/Hepatozoon spp. Species-specific PCR revealed that 61 (23.4%) had a single TBP, with Ehrlichia canis being detected in 39 (15.7%) dogs, while 14 (5.6%) dogs were positive for different combinations of two to four TBPs. Rickettsia infection was detected in 6 (2.4%) dogs. In tick samples, 8 (3.2%) were positive for Ehrlichia/Anaplasma spp., while only 1 (0.63%) was positive for Babesia/Hepatozoon spp. As in the blood samples, E. canis was the most detected, being found in 5 (2%) samples. No tick samples tested positive for Rickettsia spp. Conclusion Ehrlichia canis is the most common TBP affecting dogs in the Philippines. Co-infection with TBPs is quite common, hence testing for multiple TBPs is necessary. Through nested PCR, Rickettsia infection was detected in dogs, and to the authors’ knowledge, this study provides the first molecular evidence of Rickettsia infection in dogs in the Philippines.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-018-3192-yCanine tick-borne pathogensRhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato)PhilippinesSoutheast Asia |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Remil L. Galay Anna Angelica L. Manalo Sidney Lyndon D. Dolores Irene Pearl M. Aguilar Kristina Andrea C. Sandalo Kathlyn B. Cruz Billy P. Divina Masako Andoh Tatsunori Masatani Tetsuya Tanaka |
spellingShingle |
Remil L. Galay Anna Angelica L. Manalo Sidney Lyndon D. Dolores Irene Pearl M. Aguilar Kristina Andrea C. Sandalo Kathlyn B. Cruz Billy P. Divina Masako Andoh Tatsunori Masatani Tetsuya Tanaka Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in canine population and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) ticks from southern Metro Manila and Laguna, Philippines Parasites & Vectors Canine tick-borne pathogens Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) Philippines Southeast Asia |
author_facet |
Remil L. Galay Anna Angelica L. Manalo Sidney Lyndon D. Dolores Irene Pearl M. Aguilar Kristina Andrea C. Sandalo Kathlyn B. Cruz Billy P. Divina Masako Andoh Tatsunori Masatani Tetsuya Tanaka |
author_sort |
Remil L. Galay |
title |
Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in canine population and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) ticks from southern Metro Manila and Laguna, Philippines |
title_short |
Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in canine population and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) ticks from southern Metro Manila and Laguna, Philippines |
title_full |
Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in canine population and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) ticks from southern Metro Manila and Laguna, Philippines |
title_fullStr |
Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in canine population and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) ticks from southern Metro Manila and Laguna, Philippines |
title_full_unstemmed |
Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in canine population and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) ticks from southern Metro Manila and Laguna, Philippines |
title_sort |
molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in canine population and rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) ticks from southern metro manila and laguna, philippines |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Parasites & Vectors |
issn |
1756-3305 |
publishDate |
2018-12-01 |
description |
Abstract Background The tropical climate of the Philippines and the high population of dogs, particularly in cities, favors the life-cycle of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato), a vector of several canine tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) including zoonotic Rickettsia spp. Suspected cases of infections are commonly encountered in veterinary clinics, but the specific TBPs are rarely identified. Furthermore, infection with Rickettsia is not being clinically examined in dogs. In this study, the occurrence of TBPs in blood and ticks collected from household and impounded dogs in highly populated areas of the Philippines, Metro Manila, and the nearby province of Laguna, was examined. Results A total of 248 blood samples and 157 tick samples were subjected to PCR. First, samples were screened using primers for Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp. and Babesia/Hepatozoon spp. Those that turned positive were further subjected to species-specific PCR. Rickettsia spp. were also detected through a nested PCR. Of the 248 blood samples, 56 (22.6%) were positive for Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp., while 19 (7.6%) were positive for Babesia/Hepatozoon spp. Species-specific PCR revealed that 61 (23.4%) had a single TBP, with Ehrlichia canis being detected in 39 (15.7%) dogs, while 14 (5.6%) dogs were positive for different combinations of two to four TBPs. Rickettsia infection was detected in 6 (2.4%) dogs. In tick samples, 8 (3.2%) were positive for Ehrlichia/Anaplasma spp., while only 1 (0.63%) was positive for Babesia/Hepatozoon spp. As in the blood samples, E. canis was the most detected, being found in 5 (2%) samples. No tick samples tested positive for Rickettsia spp. Conclusion Ehrlichia canis is the most common TBP affecting dogs in the Philippines. Co-infection with TBPs is quite common, hence testing for multiple TBPs is necessary. Through nested PCR, Rickettsia infection was detected in dogs, and to the authors’ knowledge, this study provides the first molecular evidence of Rickettsia infection in dogs in the Philippines. |
topic |
Canine tick-borne pathogens Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) Philippines Southeast Asia |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-018-3192-y |
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