BIONOTE as an Innovative Biosensor for Measuring Endocannabinoid Levels
In this study, a novel approach was developed to quantify endocannabinoids (eCBs), and was based on the liquid biosensor BIONOTE. This device is composed of a probe that can be immersed in a solution, and an electronic interface that can record a current related to the oxy-reductive reactions occurr...
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doaj-5ed36b71c59f401ab415be154bdb33df2021-01-13T00:03:07ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-01-012148948910.3390/s21020489BIONOTE as an Innovative Biosensor for Measuring Endocannabinoid LevelsSimone Grasso0Marco Santonico1Giorgio Pennazza2Alessandro Zompanti3Alessandra Piccoli4Tiziana Bisogno5Mauro Maccarrone6Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Engineering, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Engineering, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, ItalyInstitute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyIn this study, a novel approach was developed to quantify endocannabinoids (eCBs), and was based on the liquid biosensor BIONOTE. This device is composed of a probe that can be immersed in a solution, and an electronic interface that can record a current related to the oxy-reductive reactions occurring in the sample. The two most representative members of eCBs have been analysed in vitro by BIONOTE: anandamide (<i>N</i>-arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Bovine serum albumin was used to functionalize the probe and improve the sensibility of the whole analytical system. We show that BIONOTE is able to detect both AEA and 2-AG at concentrations in the low nanomolar range, and to discriminate between these eCBs and their moieties arachidonic acid, ethanolamine and glycerol. Notably, BIONOTE distinguished these five different molecules, and it was also able to quantify AEA in human plasma. Although this is just a proof-of-concept study, we suggest BIONOTE as a cheap and user-friendly prototype sensor for high throughput quantitation of eCB content in biological matrices, with an apparent diagnostic potential for tomorrow’s medicine.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/2/489endocannabinoidsliquid biosensorBIONOTE |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Simone Grasso Marco Santonico Giorgio Pennazza Alessandro Zompanti Alessandra Piccoli Tiziana Bisogno Mauro Maccarrone |
spellingShingle |
Simone Grasso Marco Santonico Giorgio Pennazza Alessandro Zompanti Alessandra Piccoli Tiziana Bisogno Mauro Maccarrone BIONOTE as an Innovative Biosensor for Measuring Endocannabinoid Levels Sensors endocannabinoids liquid biosensor BIONOTE |
author_facet |
Simone Grasso Marco Santonico Giorgio Pennazza Alessandro Zompanti Alessandra Piccoli Tiziana Bisogno Mauro Maccarrone |
author_sort |
Simone Grasso |
title |
BIONOTE as an Innovative Biosensor for Measuring Endocannabinoid Levels |
title_short |
BIONOTE as an Innovative Biosensor for Measuring Endocannabinoid Levels |
title_full |
BIONOTE as an Innovative Biosensor for Measuring Endocannabinoid Levels |
title_fullStr |
BIONOTE as an Innovative Biosensor for Measuring Endocannabinoid Levels |
title_full_unstemmed |
BIONOTE as an Innovative Biosensor for Measuring Endocannabinoid Levels |
title_sort |
bionote as an innovative biosensor for measuring endocannabinoid levels |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sensors |
issn |
1424-8220 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
In this study, a novel approach was developed to quantify endocannabinoids (eCBs), and was based on the liquid biosensor BIONOTE. This device is composed of a probe that can be immersed in a solution, and an electronic interface that can record a current related to the oxy-reductive reactions occurring in the sample. The two most representative members of eCBs have been analysed in vitro by BIONOTE: anandamide (<i>N</i>-arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Bovine serum albumin was used to functionalize the probe and improve the sensibility of the whole analytical system. We show that BIONOTE is able to detect both AEA and 2-AG at concentrations in the low nanomolar range, and to discriminate between these eCBs and their moieties arachidonic acid, ethanolamine and glycerol. Notably, BIONOTE distinguished these five different molecules, and it was also able to quantify AEA in human plasma. Although this is just a proof-of-concept study, we suggest BIONOTE as a cheap and user-friendly prototype sensor for high throughput quantitation of eCB content in biological matrices, with an apparent diagnostic potential for tomorrow’s medicine. |
topic |
endocannabinoids liquid biosensor BIONOTE |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/2/489 |
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