Craniofacial features as assessed by lateral cephalometric measurements in children with Down syndrome
Abstract Objective The objective of the present study is to examine the craniofacial development of patients with Down syndrome (DS) and compare them with a neurotypical population. Methods This study is a cross-sectional analysis of lateral cephalometric radiographs of participants with DS. The stu...
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doaj-5ee531b42eb04ff5974c40103c6a161a2020-11-24T21:05:41ZengSpringerOpenProgress in Orthodontics2196-10422016-11-0117111210.1186/s40510-016-0148-7Craniofacial features as assessed by lateral cephalometric measurements in children with Down syndromeVeerasathpurush Allareddy0Nicholas Ching1Eric A. Macklin2Lauren Voelz3Gil Weintraub4Emily Davidson5Lisa Albers Prock6Dennis Rosen7Richard Brunn8Brian G. Skotko9Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, The University of IowaChildren’s DentistryBiostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Medicine, Down Syndrome Program, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s HospitalDavid Geffen School of Medicine at the University of CaliforniaDepartment of Medicine, Down Syndrome Program, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s HospitalDepartment of Medicine, Down Syndrome Program, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s HospitalDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Dentistry, Boston Children’s HospitalDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolAbstract Objective The objective of the present study is to examine the craniofacial development of patients with Down syndrome (DS) and compare them with a neurotypical population. Methods This study is a cross-sectional analysis of lateral cephalometric radiographs of participants with DS. The study population consisted of children and young adults with DS aged 3–25 years. Cephalometric data were summarized by age and sex. Raw and normalized z-scores were computed. One-sample t tests were used to test whether mean z-scores differed from zero. The demographic characteristics between those with or without lateral cephalograms among all study participants were compared by Fisher’s exact tests. Results The study sample comprised of 27 participants with DS. Study subjects demonstrated a class III skeletal pattern. This was more pronounced in the older age groups as compared to younger age groups. Subjects also had an increased proportionate lower anterior face height to total facial height compared to normative standards. Gonial angles, mandibular plane angles, and airway measurements increased with age. Conclusions Patients with Down syndrome present typically with class III skeletal pattern and long lower anterior facial heights. In patients with Down syndrome, comprehensive phase of orthodontic treatment may be best initiated following cessation of growth.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40510-016-0148-7Down SyndromeOrthodontic TreatmentFacial HeightMandibular IncisorSkeletal Pattern |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Veerasathpurush Allareddy Nicholas Ching Eric A. Macklin Lauren Voelz Gil Weintraub Emily Davidson Lisa Albers Prock Dennis Rosen Richard Brunn Brian G. Skotko |
spellingShingle |
Veerasathpurush Allareddy Nicholas Ching Eric A. Macklin Lauren Voelz Gil Weintraub Emily Davidson Lisa Albers Prock Dennis Rosen Richard Brunn Brian G. Skotko Craniofacial features as assessed by lateral cephalometric measurements in children with Down syndrome Progress in Orthodontics Down Syndrome Orthodontic Treatment Facial Height Mandibular Incisor Skeletal Pattern |
author_facet |
Veerasathpurush Allareddy Nicholas Ching Eric A. Macklin Lauren Voelz Gil Weintraub Emily Davidson Lisa Albers Prock Dennis Rosen Richard Brunn Brian G. Skotko |
author_sort |
Veerasathpurush Allareddy |
title |
Craniofacial features as assessed by lateral cephalometric measurements in children with Down syndrome |
title_short |
Craniofacial features as assessed by lateral cephalometric measurements in children with Down syndrome |
title_full |
Craniofacial features as assessed by lateral cephalometric measurements in children with Down syndrome |
title_fullStr |
Craniofacial features as assessed by lateral cephalometric measurements in children with Down syndrome |
title_full_unstemmed |
Craniofacial features as assessed by lateral cephalometric measurements in children with Down syndrome |
title_sort |
craniofacial features as assessed by lateral cephalometric measurements in children with down syndrome |
publisher |
SpringerOpen |
series |
Progress in Orthodontics |
issn |
2196-1042 |
publishDate |
2016-11-01 |
description |
Abstract Objective The objective of the present study is to examine the craniofacial development of patients with Down syndrome (DS) and compare them with a neurotypical population. Methods This study is a cross-sectional analysis of lateral cephalometric radiographs of participants with DS. The study population consisted of children and young adults with DS aged 3–25 years. Cephalometric data were summarized by age and sex. Raw and normalized z-scores were computed. One-sample t tests were used to test whether mean z-scores differed from zero. The demographic characteristics between those with or without lateral cephalograms among all study participants were compared by Fisher’s exact tests. Results The study sample comprised of 27 participants with DS. Study subjects demonstrated a class III skeletal pattern. This was more pronounced in the older age groups as compared to younger age groups. Subjects also had an increased proportionate lower anterior face height to total facial height compared to normative standards. Gonial angles, mandibular plane angles, and airway measurements increased with age. Conclusions Patients with Down syndrome present typically with class III skeletal pattern and long lower anterior facial heights. In patients with Down syndrome, comprehensive phase of orthodontic treatment may be best initiated following cessation of growth. |
topic |
Down Syndrome Orthodontic Treatment Facial Height Mandibular Incisor Skeletal Pattern |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40510-016-0148-7 |
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