Bone Marrow-Derived and Elicited Peritoneal Macrophages Are Not Created Equal: The Questions Asked Dictate the Cell Type Used
Macrophages are a heterogeneous and plastic population of cells whose phenotype changes in response to their environment. Macrophage biologists utilize peritoneal (pMAC) and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) for in vitro studies. Given that pMACs mature in vivo while BMDM are ex vivo differenti...
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doaj-5f74a1db59804bb2a448cc1097b873e42020-11-25T02:12:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242020-02-011110.3389/fimmu.2020.00269505968Bone Marrow-Derived and Elicited Peritoneal Macrophages Are Not Created Equal: The Questions Asked Dictate the Cell Type UsedCheryl M. Zajd0Alexis M. Ziemba1Grace M. Miralles2Terry Nguyen3Paul J. Feustel4Stanley M. Dunn5Ryan J. Gilbert6Michelle R. Lennartz7Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United StatesDepartment of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United StatesDepartment of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United StatesDepartment of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United StatesDepartment of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United StatesMacrophages are a heterogeneous and plastic population of cells whose phenotype changes in response to their environment. Macrophage biologists utilize peritoneal (pMAC) and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) for in vitro studies. Given that pMACs mature in vivo while BMDM are ex vivo differentiated from stem cells, it is likely that their responses differ under experimental conditions. Surprisingly little is known about how BMDM and pMACs responses compare under the same experimental conditionals. While morphologically similar with respect to forward and side scatter by flow cytometry, reports in the literature suggest that pMACs are more mature than their BMDM counterparts. Given the dearth of information comparing BMDM and pMACs, this work was undertaken to test the hypothesis that elicited pMACs are more responsive to defined conditions, including phagocytosis, respiratory burst, polarization, and cytokine and chemokine release. In all cases, our hypothesis was disproved. At steady state, BMDM are more phagocytic (both rate and extent) than elicited pMACs. In response to polarization, they upregulate chemokine and cytokine gene expression and release more cytokines. The results demonstrate that BMDM are generally more responsive and poised to respond to their environment, while pMAC responses are, in comparison, less pronounced. BMDM responses are a function of intrinsic differences, while pMAC responses reflect their differentiation in the context of the whole animal. This distinction may be important in knockout animals, where the pMAC phenotype may be influenced by the absence of the gene of interest.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00269/fullperitoneal macrophagesbone marrow-derived macrophagespolarizationcytokinesphagocytosisflow cytometry |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Cheryl M. Zajd Alexis M. Ziemba Grace M. Miralles Terry Nguyen Paul J. Feustel Stanley M. Dunn Ryan J. Gilbert Michelle R. Lennartz |
spellingShingle |
Cheryl M. Zajd Alexis M. Ziemba Grace M. Miralles Terry Nguyen Paul J. Feustel Stanley M. Dunn Ryan J. Gilbert Michelle R. Lennartz Bone Marrow-Derived and Elicited Peritoneal Macrophages Are Not Created Equal: The Questions Asked Dictate the Cell Type Used Frontiers in Immunology peritoneal macrophages bone marrow-derived macrophages polarization cytokines phagocytosis flow cytometry |
author_facet |
Cheryl M. Zajd Alexis M. Ziemba Grace M. Miralles Terry Nguyen Paul J. Feustel Stanley M. Dunn Ryan J. Gilbert Michelle R. Lennartz |
author_sort |
Cheryl M. Zajd |
title |
Bone Marrow-Derived and Elicited Peritoneal Macrophages Are Not Created Equal: The Questions Asked Dictate the Cell Type Used |
title_short |
Bone Marrow-Derived and Elicited Peritoneal Macrophages Are Not Created Equal: The Questions Asked Dictate the Cell Type Used |
title_full |
Bone Marrow-Derived and Elicited Peritoneal Macrophages Are Not Created Equal: The Questions Asked Dictate the Cell Type Used |
title_fullStr |
Bone Marrow-Derived and Elicited Peritoneal Macrophages Are Not Created Equal: The Questions Asked Dictate the Cell Type Used |
title_full_unstemmed |
Bone Marrow-Derived and Elicited Peritoneal Macrophages Are Not Created Equal: The Questions Asked Dictate the Cell Type Used |
title_sort |
bone marrow-derived and elicited peritoneal macrophages are not created equal: the questions asked dictate the cell type used |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Immunology |
issn |
1664-3224 |
publishDate |
2020-02-01 |
description |
Macrophages are a heterogeneous and plastic population of cells whose phenotype changes in response to their environment. Macrophage biologists utilize peritoneal (pMAC) and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) for in vitro studies. Given that pMACs mature in vivo while BMDM are ex vivo differentiated from stem cells, it is likely that their responses differ under experimental conditions. Surprisingly little is known about how BMDM and pMACs responses compare under the same experimental conditionals. While morphologically similar with respect to forward and side scatter by flow cytometry, reports in the literature suggest that pMACs are more mature than their BMDM counterparts. Given the dearth of information comparing BMDM and pMACs, this work was undertaken to test the hypothesis that elicited pMACs are more responsive to defined conditions, including phagocytosis, respiratory burst, polarization, and cytokine and chemokine release. In all cases, our hypothesis was disproved. At steady state, BMDM are more phagocytic (both rate and extent) than elicited pMACs. In response to polarization, they upregulate chemokine and cytokine gene expression and release more cytokines. The results demonstrate that BMDM are generally more responsive and poised to respond to their environment, while pMAC responses are, in comparison, less pronounced. BMDM responses are a function of intrinsic differences, while pMAC responses reflect their differentiation in the context of the whole animal. This distinction may be important in knockout animals, where the pMAC phenotype may be influenced by the absence of the gene of interest. |
topic |
peritoneal macrophages bone marrow-derived macrophages polarization cytokines phagocytosis flow cytometry |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00269/full |
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