Association of the host genetic factors, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes with mild influenza in an Iranian population

Abstract Background Variation in host genetic factors may result in variation in the host immune response to the infection. Some chronic diseases may also affect individuals’ susceptibility to infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the host genetic factors most...

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Main Authors: Parvaneh Mehrbod, Sana Eybpoosh, Behrokh Farahmand, Fatemeh Fotouhi, Majid Khanzadeh Alishahi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2021-03-01
Series:Virology Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-021-01486-3
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spelling doaj-5f822118892b44d3abe271a52d7004892021-03-28T11:22:31ZengBMCVirology Journal1743-422X2021-03-0118111110.1186/s12985-021-01486-3Association of the host genetic factors, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes with mild influenza in an Iranian populationParvaneh Mehrbod0Sana Eybpoosh1Behrokh Farahmand2Fatemeh Fotouhi3Majid Khanzadeh Alishahi4Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IranDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of IranInfluenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IranInfluenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IranPrivate PractitionerAbstract Background Variation in host genetic factors may result in variation in the host immune response to the infection. Some chronic diseases may also affect individuals’ susceptibility to infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the host genetic factors mostly involved in inflammation, as well as hypercholesterolemia and diabetes with mild flu in an Iranian population. Methods In this cross-sectional study, nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from 93 patients referred to primary care centers of Markazi, Semnan, and Zanjan provinces (central Iran) due to flu-like symptoms between March 2015 and December 2018. Of these, PCR test identified 49 influenza A/H1N1 and 44 flu-negative individuals. Twelve single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RPAIN, FCGR2A, MBL-2, CD55, C1QBP, IL-10, TNF-α and an unknown gene were genotyped using iPLEX GOLD SNP genotyping analysis. Hypercholesterolemia and diabetes status was determined based on the physician diagnosis. Association of the host genetic variants, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes with mild A/H1N1 flu was assessed with univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis as implemented in Stata software (v.14). Statistical tests were considered as significant at 0.05 levels. Results Frequency of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, as well as participants mean age was significantly higher in the flu-negative rather than the flu-positive group. Of 12 SNPs, nine did not show any significant association with mild flu in our study (rs1801274, rs1800451, rs2564978, rs361525, rs1800450, rs1800871, rs1800872, rs1800896, rs1800629). Possessing G vs. A allele in two SNPs (rs3786054 and rs8070740) was associated with a threefold increase in the chance of mild flu when compared to flu-negative patients (95% CI: 1.1, 22.0). Possessing C allele (vs. A) in the rs9856661 locus also increased the chance of mild flu up to 2 folds (95% CI: 1.0, 10.0). Conclusion The results showed that possessing the G allele in either rs3786054 or rs8070740 loci in C1QBP and RPAIN genes, respectively, increased the risk of H1N1 infection up to 3.3 folds, regardless of the patient’s age, BMI, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. Complementary functional genomic studies would shed more light on the underlying mechanism of human immunity associated with these genetic markers. The identified genetic factors may have the same role in susceptibility to similar respiratory infections with RNA viruses, like SARS, MERS and COVID-19. Future genetic association studies targeting these RNA viruses, especially COVID-19 is recommended. Studies on other ethnic groups would also shed light on possible ethnic variations in genetic susceptibility to respiratory RNA viruses. Trial registry IR.PII.REC.1399.063https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-021-01486-3InfluenzaGenetic polymorphismsHypercholesterolemiaDiabetesIran
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Parvaneh Mehrbod
Sana Eybpoosh
Behrokh Farahmand
Fatemeh Fotouhi
Majid Khanzadeh Alishahi
spellingShingle Parvaneh Mehrbod
Sana Eybpoosh
Behrokh Farahmand
Fatemeh Fotouhi
Majid Khanzadeh Alishahi
Association of the host genetic factors, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes with mild influenza in an Iranian population
Virology Journal
Influenza
Genetic polymorphisms
Hypercholesterolemia
Diabetes
Iran
author_facet Parvaneh Mehrbod
Sana Eybpoosh
Behrokh Farahmand
Fatemeh Fotouhi
Majid Khanzadeh Alishahi
author_sort Parvaneh Mehrbod
title Association of the host genetic factors, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes with mild influenza in an Iranian population
title_short Association of the host genetic factors, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes with mild influenza in an Iranian population
title_full Association of the host genetic factors, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes with mild influenza in an Iranian population
title_fullStr Association of the host genetic factors, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes with mild influenza in an Iranian population
title_full_unstemmed Association of the host genetic factors, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes with mild influenza in an Iranian population
title_sort association of the host genetic factors, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes with mild influenza in an iranian population
publisher BMC
series Virology Journal
issn 1743-422X
publishDate 2021-03-01
description Abstract Background Variation in host genetic factors may result in variation in the host immune response to the infection. Some chronic diseases may also affect individuals’ susceptibility to infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the host genetic factors mostly involved in inflammation, as well as hypercholesterolemia and diabetes with mild flu in an Iranian population. Methods In this cross-sectional study, nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from 93 patients referred to primary care centers of Markazi, Semnan, and Zanjan provinces (central Iran) due to flu-like symptoms between March 2015 and December 2018. Of these, PCR test identified 49 influenza A/H1N1 and 44 flu-negative individuals. Twelve single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RPAIN, FCGR2A, MBL-2, CD55, C1QBP, IL-10, TNF-α and an unknown gene were genotyped using iPLEX GOLD SNP genotyping analysis. Hypercholesterolemia and diabetes status was determined based on the physician diagnosis. Association of the host genetic variants, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes with mild A/H1N1 flu was assessed with univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis as implemented in Stata software (v.14). Statistical tests were considered as significant at 0.05 levels. Results Frequency of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, as well as participants mean age was significantly higher in the flu-negative rather than the flu-positive group. Of 12 SNPs, nine did not show any significant association with mild flu in our study (rs1801274, rs1800451, rs2564978, rs361525, rs1800450, rs1800871, rs1800872, rs1800896, rs1800629). Possessing G vs. A allele in two SNPs (rs3786054 and rs8070740) was associated with a threefold increase in the chance of mild flu when compared to flu-negative patients (95% CI: 1.1, 22.0). Possessing C allele (vs. A) in the rs9856661 locus also increased the chance of mild flu up to 2 folds (95% CI: 1.0, 10.0). Conclusion The results showed that possessing the G allele in either rs3786054 or rs8070740 loci in C1QBP and RPAIN genes, respectively, increased the risk of H1N1 infection up to 3.3 folds, regardless of the patient’s age, BMI, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. Complementary functional genomic studies would shed more light on the underlying mechanism of human immunity associated with these genetic markers. The identified genetic factors may have the same role in susceptibility to similar respiratory infections with RNA viruses, like SARS, MERS and COVID-19. Future genetic association studies targeting these RNA viruses, especially COVID-19 is recommended. Studies on other ethnic groups would also shed light on possible ethnic variations in genetic susceptibility to respiratory RNA viruses. Trial registry IR.PII.REC.1399.063
topic Influenza
Genetic polymorphisms
Hypercholesterolemia
Diabetes
Iran
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-021-01486-3
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