Model-Based Evaluation of Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation Controller to Adapt to Dynamic Changes in Reference Signal
High-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is effective in suppressing the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Current clinically-deployed DBS technology operates in an open-loop fashion, i.e., fixed parameter high-frequency stimulation is delivered con...
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doaj-5fa4ccdd16a84d72937bdb1c2818b2c22020-11-25T00:40:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2019-09-011310.3389/fnins.2019.00956459983Model-Based Evaluation of Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation Controller to Adapt to Dynamic Changes in Reference SignalFei Su0Fei Su1Fei Su2Karthik Kumaravelu3Jiang Wang4Warren M. Grill5Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United StatesSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United StatesSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United StatesHigh-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is effective in suppressing the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Current clinically-deployed DBS technology operates in an open-loop fashion, i.e., fixed parameter high-frequency stimulation is delivered continuously, invariant to the needs or status of the patient. This poses two major challenges: (1) depletion of the stimulator battery due to the energy demands of continuous high-frequency stimulation, (2) high-frequency stimulation-induced side-effects. Closed-loop deep brain stimulation (CL DBS) may be effective in suppressing parkinsonian symptoms with stimulation parameters that require less energy and evoke fewer side effects than open loop DBS. However, the design of CL DBS comes with several challenges including the selection of an appropriate biomarker reflecting the symptoms of PD, setting a suitable reference signal, and implementing a controller to adapt to dynamic changes in the reference signal. Dynamic changes in beta oscillatory activity occur during the course of voluntary movement, and thus there may be a performance advantage to tracking such dynamic activity. We addressed these challenges by studying the performance of a closed-loop controller using a biophysically-based network model of the basal ganglia. The model-based evaluation consisted of two parts: (1) we implemented a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller to compute optimal DBS frequencies based on the magnitude of a dynamic reference signal, the oscillatory power in the beta band (13–35 Hz) recorded from model globus pallidus internus (GPi) neurons. (2) We coupled a linear auto-regressive model based mapping function with the Routh-Hurwitz stability analysis method to compute the parameters of the PI controller to track dynamic changes in the reference signal. The simulation results demonstrated successful tracking of both constant and dynamic beta oscillatory activity by the PI controller, and the PI controller followed dynamic changes in the reference signal, something that cannot be accomplished by constant open-loop DBS.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.00956/fullclosed-loop deep brain stimulationParkinson's diseasebeta band activityproportional-integral controllerRouth-Hurwitz stability analysis |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Fei Su Fei Su Fei Su Karthik Kumaravelu Jiang Wang Warren M. Grill |
spellingShingle |
Fei Su Fei Su Fei Su Karthik Kumaravelu Jiang Wang Warren M. Grill Model-Based Evaluation of Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation Controller to Adapt to Dynamic Changes in Reference Signal Frontiers in Neuroscience closed-loop deep brain stimulation Parkinson's disease beta band activity proportional-integral controller Routh-Hurwitz stability analysis |
author_facet |
Fei Su Fei Su Fei Su Karthik Kumaravelu Jiang Wang Warren M. Grill |
author_sort |
Fei Su |
title |
Model-Based Evaluation of Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation Controller to Adapt to Dynamic Changes in Reference Signal |
title_short |
Model-Based Evaluation of Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation Controller to Adapt to Dynamic Changes in Reference Signal |
title_full |
Model-Based Evaluation of Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation Controller to Adapt to Dynamic Changes in Reference Signal |
title_fullStr |
Model-Based Evaluation of Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation Controller to Adapt to Dynamic Changes in Reference Signal |
title_full_unstemmed |
Model-Based Evaluation of Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation Controller to Adapt to Dynamic Changes in Reference Signal |
title_sort |
model-based evaluation of closed-loop deep brain stimulation controller to adapt to dynamic changes in reference signal |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Neuroscience |
issn |
1662-453X |
publishDate |
2019-09-01 |
description |
High-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is effective in suppressing the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Current clinically-deployed DBS technology operates in an open-loop fashion, i.e., fixed parameter high-frequency stimulation is delivered continuously, invariant to the needs or status of the patient. This poses two major challenges: (1) depletion of the stimulator battery due to the energy demands of continuous high-frequency stimulation, (2) high-frequency stimulation-induced side-effects. Closed-loop deep brain stimulation (CL DBS) may be effective in suppressing parkinsonian symptoms with stimulation parameters that require less energy and evoke fewer side effects than open loop DBS. However, the design of CL DBS comes with several challenges including the selection of an appropriate biomarker reflecting the symptoms of PD, setting a suitable reference signal, and implementing a controller to adapt to dynamic changes in the reference signal. Dynamic changes in beta oscillatory activity occur during the course of voluntary movement, and thus there may be a performance advantage to tracking such dynamic activity. We addressed these challenges by studying the performance of a closed-loop controller using a biophysically-based network model of the basal ganglia. The model-based evaluation consisted of two parts: (1) we implemented a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller to compute optimal DBS frequencies based on the magnitude of a dynamic reference signal, the oscillatory power in the beta band (13–35 Hz) recorded from model globus pallidus internus (GPi) neurons. (2) We coupled a linear auto-regressive model based mapping function with the Routh-Hurwitz stability analysis method to compute the parameters of the PI controller to track dynamic changes in the reference signal. The simulation results demonstrated successful tracking of both constant and dynamic beta oscillatory activity by the PI controller, and the PI controller followed dynamic changes in the reference signal, something that cannot be accomplished by constant open-loop DBS. |
topic |
closed-loop deep brain stimulation Parkinson's disease beta band activity proportional-integral controller Routh-Hurwitz stability analysis |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.00956/full |
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