Effect of an intervention in storm drains to prevent Aedes aegypti reproduction in Salvador, Brazil
Abstract Background Aedes aegypti, the principal vector for dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses, is a synanthropic species that uses stagnant water to complete its reproductive cycle. In urban settings, rainfall water draining structures, such as storm drains, may retain water and serve as a larval...
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doaj-5fff209d836649d390f4f6b61c9806202020-11-24T21:41:41ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052017-07-011011610.1186/s13071-017-2266-6Effect of an intervention in storm drains to prevent Aedes aegypti reproduction in Salvador, BrazilRaquel Lima Souza0Vánio André Mugabe1Igor Adolfo Dexheimer Paploski2Moreno S. Rodrigues3Patrícia Sousa dos Santos Moreira4Leile Camila Jacob Nascimento5Christopher Michael Roundy6Scott C. Weaver7Mitermayer Galvão Reis8Uriel Kitron9Guilherme Sousa Ribeiro10Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo CruzInstituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo CruzInstituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo CruzInstituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo CruzInstituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo CruzInstituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo CruzDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical BranchDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical BranchInstituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo CruzInstituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo CruzInstituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo CruzAbstract Background Aedes aegypti, the principal vector for dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses, is a synanthropic species that uses stagnant water to complete its reproductive cycle. In urban settings, rainfall water draining structures, such as storm drains, may retain water and serve as a larval development site for Aedes spp. reproduction. Herein, we describe the effect of a community-based intervention on preventing standing water accumulation in storm drains and their consequent infestation by adult and immature Ae. aegypti and other mosquitoes. Methods Between April and May of 2016, local residents association of Salvador, Brazil, after being informed of water accumulation and Ae. aegypti infestation in the storm drains in their area, performed an intervention on 52 storm drains. The intervention consisted of placing concrete at the bottom of the storm drains to elevate their base to the level of the outflow tube, avoiding water accumulation, and placement of a metal mesh covering the outflow tube to avoid its clogging with debris. To determine the impact of the intervention, we compared the frequency at which the 52 storm drains contained water, as well as adult and immature mosquitoes using data from two surveys performed before and two surveys performed after the intervention. Results During the pre-intervention period, water accumulated in 48 (92.3%) of the storm drains, and immature Ae. aegypti were found in 11 (21.2%) and adults in 10 (19.2%). After the intervention, water accumulated in 5 (9.6%) of the storm drains (P < 0.001), none (0.0%) had immatures (P < 0.001), and 3 (5.8%) contained adults (P = 0.039). The total number of Ae. aegypti immatures collected decreased from 109 to 0 (P < 0.001) and adults decreased from 37 to 8 (P = 0.011) after the intervention. Collection of immature and adult non-Aedes mosquitoes (mainly Culex spp.) in the storm drains also decreased after the intervention. Conclusion This study exemplifies how a simple intervention targeting storm drains can result in a major reduction of water retention, and, consequently, impact Ae. aegypti larval populations. Larger and multi-center evaluations are needed to confirm the potential of citywide structural modifications of storm drains to reduce Aedes spp. infestation level.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-017-2266-6EpidemiologyEntomologyArbovirusesInsect vectorsDisease vectorsMosquitoes |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Raquel Lima Souza Vánio André Mugabe Igor Adolfo Dexheimer Paploski Moreno S. Rodrigues Patrícia Sousa dos Santos Moreira Leile Camila Jacob Nascimento Christopher Michael Roundy Scott C. Weaver Mitermayer Galvão Reis Uriel Kitron Guilherme Sousa Ribeiro |
spellingShingle |
Raquel Lima Souza Vánio André Mugabe Igor Adolfo Dexheimer Paploski Moreno S. Rodrigues Patrícia Sousa dos Santos Moreira Leile Camila Jacob Nascimento Christopher Michael Roundy Scott C. Weaver Mitermayer Galvão Reis Uriel Kitron Guilherme Sousa Ribeiro Effect of an intervention in storm drains to prevent Aedes aegypti reproduction in Salvador, Brazil Parasites & Vectors Epidemiology Entomology Arboviruses Insect vectors Disease vectors Mosquitoes |
author_facet |
Raquel Lima Souza Vánio André Mugabe Igor Adolfo Dexheimer Paploski Moreno S. Rodrigues Patrícia Sousa dos Santos Moreira Leile Camila Jacob Nascimento Christopher Michael Roundy Scott C. Weaver Mitermayer Galvão Reis Uriel Kitron Guilherme Sousa Ribeiro |
author_sort |
Raquel Lima Souza |
title |
Effect of an intervention in storm drains to prevent Aedes aegypti reproduction in Salvador, Brazil |
title_short |
Effect of an intervention in storm drains to prevent Aedes aegypti reproduction in Salvador, Brazil |
title_full |
Effect of an intervention in storm drains to prevent Aedes aegypti reproduction in Salvador, Brazil |
title_fullStr |
Effect of an intervention in storm drains to prevent Aedes aegypti reproduction in Salvador, Brazil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of an intervention in storm drains to prevent Aedes aegypti reproduction in Salvador, Brazil |
title_sort |
effect of an intervention in storm drains to prevent aedes aegypti reproduction in salvador, brazil |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Parasites & Vectors |
issn |
1756-3305 |
publishDate |
2017-07-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Aedes aegypti, the principal vector for dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses, is a synanthropic species that uses stagnant water to complete its reproductive cycle. In urban settings, rainfall water draining structures, such as storm drains, may retain water and serve as a larval development site for Aedes spp. reproduction. Herein, we describe the effect of a community-based intervention on preventing standing water accumulation in storm drains and their consequent infestation by adult and immature Ae. aegypti and other mosquitoes. Methods Between April and May of 2016, local residents association of Salvador, Brazil, after being informed of water accumulation and Ae. aegypti infestation in the storm drains in their area, performed an intervention on 52 storm drains. The intervention consisted of placing concrete at the bottom of the storm drains to elevate their base to the level of the outflow tube, avoiding water accumulation, and placement of a metal mesh covering the outflow tube to avoid its clogging with debris. To determine the impact of the intervention, we compared the frequency at which the 52 storm drains contained water, as well as adult and immature mosquitoes using data from two surveys performed before and two surveys performed after the intervention. Results During the pre-intervention period, water accumulated in 48 (92.3%) of the storm drains, and immature Ae. aegypti were found in 11 (21.2%) and adults in 10 (19.2%). After the intervention, water accumulated in 5 (9.6%) of the storm drains (P < 0.001), none (0.0%) had immatures (P < 0.001), and 3 (5.8%) contained adults (P = 0.039). The total number of Ae. aegypti immatures collected decreased from 109 to 0 (P < 0.001) and adults decreased from 37 to 8 (P = 0.011) after the intervention. Collection of immature and adult non-Aedes mosquitoes (mainly Culex spp.) in the storm drains also decreased after the intervention. Conclusion This study exemplifies how a simple intervention targeting storm drains can result in a major reduction of water retention, and, consequently, impact Ae. aegypti larval populations. Larger and multi-center evaluations are needed to confirm the potential of citywide structural modifications of storm drains to reduce Aedes spp. infestation level. |
topic |
Epidemiology Entomology Arboviruses Insect vectors Disease vectors Mosquitoes |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-017-2266-6 |
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