Immune responses in post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
Kala-azar, commonly known as visceral leishmaniasis (VL), is a neglected tropical disease that has been targeted in South Asia for elimination by 2020. Presently, the Kala-azar Elimination Programme is aimed at identifying new low-endemic foci by active case detection, consolidating vector control m...
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doaj-601b4fbc4da440b988e5e6f1827fcfcc2020-11-25T04:00:19ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsIndian Journal of Dermatology0019-51541998-36112020-01-0165645246010.4103/ijd.IJD_258_20Immune responses in post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasisMitali ChatterjeeRitika SenguptaDebanjan MukhopadhyayShibabrata MukherjeeAishwarya DighalSrija MoulikShilpa SenguptaKala-azar, commonly known as visceral leishmaniasis (VL), is a neglected tropical disease that has been targeted in South Asia for elimination by 2020. Presently, the Kala-azar Elimination Programme is aimed at identifying new low-endemic foci by active case detection, consolidating vector control measures, and decreasing potential reservoirs, of which Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) is considered as the most important. PKDL is a skin condition that occurs after apparently successful treatment of VL and is characterized by hypopigmented patches (macular) or a mixture of papules, nodules, and/or macules (polymorphic). To achieve this goal of elimination, it is important to delineate the pathophysiology so that informed decisions can be made regarding the most appropriate and cost-effective approach. We reviewed the literature with regard to PKDL in Asia and Africa and interpreted the findings in establishing a potential correlation between the immune responses and pathophysiology. The overall histopathology indicated the presence of a dense, inflammatory cellular infiltrate, characterized by increased expression of alternatively activated CD68+ macrophages, CD8+ T cells showing features of exhaustion, CD20+ B cells, along with decreased CD1a+ dendritic cells. Accordingly, this review is an update on the overall immunopathology of PKDL, so as to provide a better understanding of host-parasite interactions and the immune responses generated which could translate into availability of markers that can be harnessed for assessment of disease progression and improvement of existing treatment modalities.http://www.e-ijd.org/article.asp?issn=0019-5154;year=2020;volume=65;issue=6;spage=452;epage=460;aulast=Chatterjeeimmune responsekala-azarpost kala-azar dermal leishmaniasisvisceral leishmaniasis |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mitali Chatterjee Ritika Sengupta Debanjan Mukhopadhyay Shibabrata Mukherjee Aishwarya Dighal Srija Moulik Shilpa Sengupta |
spellingShingle |
Mitali Chatterjee Ritika Sengupta Debanjan Mukhopadhyay Shibabrata Mukherjee Aishwarya Dighal Srija Moulik Shilpa Sengupta Immune responses in post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis Indian Journal of Dermatology immune response kala-azar post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis visceral leishmaniasis |
author_facet |
Mitali Chatterjee Ritika Sengupta Debanjan Mukhopadhyay Shibabrata Mukherjee Aishwarya Dighal Srija Moulik Shilpa Sengupta |
author_sort |
Mitali Chatterjee |
title |
Immune responses in post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis |
title_short |
Immune responses in post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis |
title_full |
Immune responses in post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis |
title_fullStr |
Immune responses in post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Immune responses in post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis |
title_sort |
immune responses in post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis |
publisher |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
series |
Indian Journal of Dermatology |
issn |
0019-5154 1998-3611 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
Kala-azar, commonly known as visceral leishmaniasis (VL), is a neglected tropical disease that has been targeted in South Asia for elimination by 2020. Presently, the Kala-azar Elimination Programme is aimed at identifying new low-endemic foci by active case detection, consolidating vector control measures, and decreasing potential reservoirs, of which Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) is considered as the most important. PKDL is a skin condition that occurs after apparently successful treatment of VL and is characterized by hypopigmented patches (macular) or a mixture of papules, nodules, and/or macules (polymorphic). To achieve this goal of elimination, it is important to delineate the pathophysiology so that informed decisions can be made regarding the most appropriate and cost-effective approach. We reviewed the literature with regard to PKDL in Asia and Africa and interpreted the findings in establishing a potential correlation between the immune responses and pathophysiology. The overall histopathology indicated the presence of a dense, inflammatory cellular infiltrate, characterized by increased expression of alternatively activated CD68+ macrophages, CD8+ T cells showing features of exhaustion, CD20+ B cells, along with decreased CD1a+ dendritic cells. Accordingly, this review is an update on the overall immunopathology of PKDL, so as to provide a better understanding of host-parasite interactions and the immune responses generated which could translate into availability of markers that can be harnessed for assessment of disease progression and improvement of existing treatment modalities. |
topic |
immune response kala-azar post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis visceral leishmaniasis |
url |
http://www.e-ijd.org/article.asp?issn=0019-5154;year=2020;volume=65;issue=6;spage=452;epage=460;aulast=Chatterjee |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT mitalichatterjee immuneresponsesinpostkalaazardermalleishmaniasis AT ritikasengupta immuneresponsesinpostkalaazardermalleishmaniasis AT debanjanmukhopadhyay immuneresponsesinpostkalaazardermalleishmaniasis AT shibabratamukherjee immuneresponsesinpostkalaazardermalleishmaniasis AT aishwaryadighal immuneresponsesinpostkalaazardermalleishmaniasis AT srijamoulik immuneresponsesinpostkalaazardermalleishmaniasis AT shilpasengupta immuneresponsesinpostkalaazardermalleishmaniasis |
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1724451361906491392 |