Treatment of Intracranial Infection Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis with Linezolid Following Poor Outcome of Vancomycin Therapy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Xinyang Fu,1,* Zhiqiang Lin,1,* Sumei Chen,2 Limian Hong,1 Xueping Yu,2 Shuifa Wu1 1Department of Pharmacy, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Infectious Disease, Quanzhou First Hospital Affili...
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doaj-602957eb42dc40819768bb80c14f4e202021-07-04T20:03:21ZengDove Medical PressInfection and Drug Resistance1178-69732021-07-01Volume 142533254266510Treatment of Intracranial Infection Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis with Linezolid Following Poor Outcome of Vancomycin Therapy: A Case Report and Literature ReviewFu XLin ZChen SHong LYu XWu SXinyang Fu,1,* Zhiqiang Lin,1,* Sumei Chen,2 Limian Hong,1 Xueping Yu,2 Shuifa Wu1 1Department of Pharmacy, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Infectious Disease, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shuifa WuDepartment of Pharmacy, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 250 East Street, Licheng District, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail shfw0116@126.comXueping YuDepartment of Infectious Disease, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 250 East Street, Licheng District, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail xpyu15@fudan.edu.cnAbstract: The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameter for evaluating the efficacy of vancomycin is now recommended to target an AUC/MIC (area under the curve, AUC; minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) ratio of 400 to 600, and trough concentration should not be used as a substitute. We report a case of intracranial infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), which was sensitive to vancomycin (MIC=2μg/mL) and linezolid (MIC=4μg/mL). The trough concentration of vancomycin in serum was 18.3 μg/mL, and the vancomycin concentration in CSF was 5.0 μg/mL, all within normal range. However, the AUC/MIC ratio was calculated to be 125 mg·h·L− 1, unable to reach target AUC/MIC. Vancomycin was replaced with linezolid after 36 days of treatment due to poor outcome, and the patient was eventually cured. Further, 23 cases of intracranial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MRCoNS) infections were reported, of which 1 case with MRSA had a vancomycin MIC of 1 μg/mL, while the remaining 22 cases had vancomycin MICs > 1 μg/mL. The linezolid-containing regimen was used after drug susceptibility results or if the initial treatment failed, leading to recovery in 19 patients, microbial clearance in 3 patients, and treatment failure in 1 case. In conclusion, vancomycin dosing should be based on AUC-guided dosing and monitoring. When the vancomycin MIC of MRSA/MRCoNS is > 1 μg/mL, the target AUC/MIC may not be achieved. In such cases, linezolid can effectively be considered as a good alternative to vancomycin.Keywords: AUC/MIC, trough concentration, intracranial infection, vancomycin, linezolidhttps://www.dovepress.com/treatment-of-intracranial-infection-caused-by-methicillin-resistant-st-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDRauc/mictrough concentrationintracranial infectionvancomycinlinezolid |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Fu X Lin Z Chen S Hong L Yu X Wu S |
spellingShingle |
Fu X Lin Z Chen S Hong L Yu X Wu S Treatment of Intracranial Infection Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis with Linezolid Following Poor Outcome of Vancomycin Therapy: A Case Report and Literature Review Infection and Drug Resistance auc/mic trough concentration intracranial infection vancomycin linezolid |
author_facet |
Fu X Lin Z Chen S Hong L Yu X Wu S |
author_sort |
Fu X |
title |
Treatment of Intracranial Infection Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis with Linezolid Following Poor Outcome of Vancomycin Therapy: A Case Report and Literature Review |
title_short |
Treatment of Intracranial Infection Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis with Linezolid Following Poor Outcome of Vancomycin Therapy: A Case Report and Literature Review |
title_full |
Treatment of Intracranial Infection Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis with Linezolid Following Poor Outcome of Vancomycin Therapy: A Case Report and Literature Review |
title_fullStr |
Treatment of Intracranial Infection Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis with Linezolid Following Poor Outcome of Vancomycin Therapy: A Case Report and Literature Review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Treatment of Intracranial Infection Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis with Linezolid Following Poor Outcome of Vancomycin Therapy: A Case Report and Literature Review |
title_sort |
treatment of intracranial infection caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis with linezolid following poor outcome of vancomycin therapy: a case report and literature review |
publisher |
Dove Medical Press |
series |
Infection and Drug Resistance |
issn |
1178-6973 |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
Xinyang Fu,1,* Zhiqiang Lin,1,* Sumei Chen,2 Limian Hong,1 Xueping Yu,2 Shuifa Wu1 1Department of Pharmacy, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Infectious Disease, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shuifa WuDepartment of Pharmacy, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 250 East Street, Licheng District, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail shfw0116@126.comXueping YuDepartment of Infectious Disease, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 250 East Street, Licheng District, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail xpyu15@fudan.edu.cnAbstract: The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameter for evaluating the efficacy of vancomycin is now recommended to target an AUC/MIC (area under the curve, AUC; minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) ratio of 400 to 600, and trough concentration should not be used as a substitute. We report a case of intracranial infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), which was sensitive to vancomycin (MIC=2μg/mL) and linezolid (MIC=4μg/mL). The trough concentration of vancomycin in serum was 18.3 μg/mL, and the vancomycin concentration in CSF was 5.0 μg/mL, all within normal range. However, the AUC/MIC ratio was calculated to be 125 mg·h·L− 1, unable to reach target AUC/MIC. Vancomycin was replaced with linezolid after 36 days of treatment due to poor outcome, and the patient was eventually cured. Further, 23 cases of intracranial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MRCoNS) infections were reported, of which 1 case with MRSA had a vancomycin MIC of 1 μg/mL, while the remaining 22 cases had vancomycin MICs > 1 μg/mL. The linezolid-containing regimen was used after drug susceptibility results or if the initial treatment failed, leading to recovery in 19 patients, microbial clearance in 3 patients, and treatment failure in 1 case. In conclusion, vancomycin dosing should be based on AUC-guided dosing and monitoring. When the vancomycin MIC of MRSA/MRCoNS is > 1 μg/mL, the target AUC/MIC may not be achieved. In such cases, linezolid can effectively be considered as a good alternative to vancomycin.Keywords: AUC/MIC, trough concentration, intracranial infection, vancomycin, linezolid |
topic |
auc/mic trough concentration intracranial infection vancomycin linezolid |
url |
https://www.dovepress.com/treatment-of-intracranial-infection-caused-by-methicillin-resistant-st-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR |
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