The Gateway Reflex, a Novel Neuro-Immune Interaction for the Regulation of Regional Vessels
The gateway reflex is a new phenomenon that explains how immune cells bypass the blood–brain barrier to infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) and trigger neuroinflammation. To date, four examples of gateway reflexes have been discovered, each described by the stimulus that evokes the reflex. G...
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doaj-603a11cc25f248babf27a276238fffef2020-11-24T23:59:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242017-10-01810.3389/fimmu.2017.01321293936The Gateway Reflex, a Novel Neuro-Immune Interaction for the Regulation of Regional VesselsYuki Tanaka0Yasunobu Arima1Daisuke Kamimura2Masaaki Murakami3Molecular Psychoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanMolecular Psychoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanMolecular Psychoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanMolecular Psychoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanThe gateway reflex is a new phenomenon that explains how immune cells bypass the blood–brain barrier to infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) and trigger neuroinflammation. To date, four examples of gateway reflexes have been discovered, each described by the stimulus that evokes the reflex. Gravity, electricity, pain, and stress have all been found to create gateways at specific regions of the CNS. The gateway reflex, the most recently discovered of the four, has also been shown to upset the homeostasis of organs in the periphery through its action on the CNS. These reflexes provide novel therapeutic targets for the control of local neuroinflammation and organ function. Each gateway reflex is activated by different neural activations and induces inflmammation at different regions in the CNS. Therefore, it is theoretically possible to manipulate each independently, providing a novel therapeutic strategy to control local neuroinflammation and peripheral organ homeostasis.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01321/fullgateway reflexinflammation amplifiercentral nervous systemchemokinespathogenic CD4+ T cellsblood-brain barrier |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yuki Tanaka Yasunobu Arima Daisuke Kamimura Masaaki Murakami |
spellingShingle |
Yuki Tanaka Yasunobu Arima Daisuke Kamimura Masaaki Murakami The Gateway Reflex, a Novel Neuro-Immune Interaction for the Regulation of Regional Vessels Frontiers in Immunology gateway reflex inflammation amplifier central nervous system chemokines pathogenic CD4+ T cells blood-brain barrier |
author_facet |
Yuki Tanaka Yasunobu Arima Daisuke Kamimura Masaaki Murakami |
author_sort |
Yuki Tanaka |
title |
The Gateway Reflex, a Novel Neuro-Immune Interaction for the Regulation of Regional Vessels |
title_short |
The Gateway Reflex, a Novel Neuro-Immune Interaction for the Regulation of Regional Vessels |
title_full |
The Gateway Reflex, a Novel Neuro-Immune Interaction for the Regulation of Regional Vessels |
title_fullStr |
The Gateway Reflex, a Novel Neuro-Immune Interaction for the Regulation of Regional Vessels |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Gateway Reflex, a Novel Neuro-Immune Interaction for the Regulation of Regional Vessels |
title_sort |
gateway reflex, a novel neuro-immune interaction for the regulation of regional vessels |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Immunology |
issn |
1664-3224 |
publishDate |
2017-10-01 |
description |
The gateway reflex is a new phenomenon that explains how immune cells bypass the blood–brain barrier to infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) and trigger neuroinflammation. To date, four examples of gateway reflexes have been discovered, each described by the stimulus that evokes the reflex. Gravity, electricity, pain, and stress have all been found to create gateways at specific regions of the CNS. The gateway reflex, the most recently discovered of the four, has also been shown to upset the homeostasis of organs in the periphery through its action on the CNS. These reflexes provide novel therapeutic targets for the control of local neuroinflammation and organ function. Each gateway reflex is activated by different neural activations and induces inflmammation at different regions in the CNS. Therefore, it is theoretically possible to manipulate each independently, providing a novel therapeutic strategy to control local neuroinflammation and peripheral organ homeostasis. |
topic |
gateway reflex inflammation amplifier central nervous system chemokines pathogenic CD4+ T cells blood-brain barrier |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01321/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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