| Summary: | Background: Flat penile lesions (FPL) in heterosexual men are thought to play a role in the transmission of HPV. We investigated the association between FPL and penile HPV, and explored determinants of FPL in men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: In 2015–2016, MSM were recruited based on HIV and penile HPV status in a previous cohort. MSM self-completed a questionnaire. Peniscopy was performed after application of acetic acid to visualize FPL. Penile physician-collected samples were tested for HPV-DNA using the highly sensitive SPF10-PCR DEIA/LiPA25 system. HPV viral load (VL) was determined using a quantitative type-specific (q)PCR targeting the L1-region. Presence of HPV and HIV, HPV VL and circumcision status were compared between MSM with and without FPL. Results: We included 116 MSM, of whom 59/116 (51%) MSM were HIV-positive and 54/116 (47%) had FPL. A penile HPV infection was present in 31/54 (57%) MSM with FPL and 34/62 (55%) MSM without FPL (p = 0.8). There was no difference between MSM with and without FPL regarding presence of penile HPV infection, HPV VL, HIV status or circumcision status (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion: Among MSM in Amsterdam, we found no association between FPL and penile HPV, HPV VL, HIV status or circumcision status. Keywords: Flat penile lesion, Human papillomavirus, Men who have sex with men, HIV
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