Cognitive effort-avoidance in patients with schizophrenia can reflect Amotivation: an event-related potential study
Abstract Background Amotivation is regarded as a core negative symptom in patients with schizophrenia. There are currently no objective methods for assessing and measuring amotivation in the scientific literature, only a trend towards assessing motivation using effort-orientated, decision-making tas...
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doaj-616db87b32714666b223088ffd3741d62020-11-25T03:02:18ZengBMCBMC Psychiatry1471-244X2020-07-0120111010.1186/s12888-020-02744-4Cognitive effort-avoidance in patients with schizophrenia can reflect Amotivation: an event-related potential studyY. X. Lin0Li Jun Zhang1Liang Ying2Qiang Zhou3Department of Psychology, Wenzhou Medical UniversityPsychiatric Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Seventh HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Wenzhou Medical UniversityAbstract Background Amotivation is regarded as a core negative symptom in patients with schizophrenia. There are currently no objective methods for assessing and measuring amotivation in the scientific literature, only a trend towards assessing motivation using effort-orientated, decision-making tasks. However, it remains inconclusive as to whether cognitive effort-avoidance in patients with schizophrenia can reflect their amotivation. Therefore, this study aimed to find out whether cognitive effort-avoidance in patients with schizophrenia can reflect their amotivation. Methods In total, 28 patients with schizophrenia and 27 healthy controls were selected as participants. The demand selection task (DST) was adapted according to the feedback-based Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT) delayed response paradigm, which was combined with the mean amplitude of contingent negative variation (CNV), considered as the criterion of motivation. Results Our results showed that: (1) patients with schizophrenia showed a lower CNV amplitude for the target stimuli compared to the probe stimuli, whereas the control group showed the opposite trend (P < 0.05); (2) among patients with schizophrenia, the high cognitive effort-avoidance group showed a smaller CNV amplitude for the target stimuli compared to the probe stimuli, whereas the low cognitive effort avoidance group showed a higher CNV amplitude for the target stimuli compared to the probe stimuli; the opposite trend was observed in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion These findings support the claim that CNV amplitude can be used as a criterion for detecting amotivation in patients with schizophrenia. Within the context of the DST, the high and low cognitive effort-avoidance of patients with schizophrenia can reflect their state of amotivation; patients with high cognitive effort-avoidance showed severe amotivation.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12888-020-02744-4SchizophreniaAmotivationCognitive effort-avoidanceDemand selection taskContingent negative variation (CNV) |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Y. X. Lin Li Jun Zhang Liang Ying Qiang Zhou |
spellingShingle |
Y. X. Lin Li Jun Zhang Liang Ying Qiang Zhou Cognitive effort-avoidance in patients with schizophrenia can reflect Amotivation: an event-related potential study BMC Psychiatry Schizophrenia Amotivation Cognitive effort-avoidance Demand selection task Contingent negative variation (CNV) |
author_facet |
Y. X. Lin Li Jun Zhang Liang Ying Qiang Zhou |
author_sort |
Y. X. Lin |
title |
Cognitive effort-avoidance in patients with schizophrenia can reflect Amotivation: an event-related potential study |
title_short |
Cognitive effort-avoidance in patients with schizophrenia can reflect Amotivation: an event-related potential study |
title_full |
Cognitive effort-avoidance in patients with schizophrenia can reflect Amotivation: an event-related potential study |
title_fullStr |
Cognitive effort-avoidance in patients with schizophrenia can reflect Amotivation: an event-related potential study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cognitive effort-avoidance in patients with schizophrenia can reflect Amotivation: an event-related potential study |
title_sort |
cognitive effort-avoidance in patients with schizophrenia can reflect amotivation: an event-related potential study |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Psychiatry |
issn |
1471-244X |
publishDate |
2020-07-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Amotivation is regarded as a core negative symptom in patients with schizophrenia. There are currently no objective methods for assessing and measuring amotivation in the scientific literature, only a trend towards assessing motivation using effort-orientated, decision-making tasks. However, it remains inconclusive as to whether cognitive effort-avoidance in patients with schizophrenia can reflect their amotivation. Therefore, this study aimed to find out whether cognitive effort-avoidance in patients with schizophrenia can reflect their amotivation. Methods In total, 28 patients with schizophrenia and 27 healthy controls were selected as participants. The demand selection task (DST) was adapted according to the feedback-based Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT) delayed response paradigm, which was combined with the mean amplitude of contingent negative variation (CNV), considered as the criterion of motivation. Results Our results showed that: (1) patients with schizophrenia showed a lower CNV amplitude for the target stimuli compared to the probe stimuli, whereas the control group showed the opposite trend (P < 0.05); (2) among patients with schizophrenia, the high cognitive effort-avoidance group showed a smaller CNV amplitude for the target stimuli compared to the probe stimuli, whereas the low cognitive effort avoidance group showed a higher CNV amplitude for the target stimuli compared to the probe stimuli; the opposite trend was observed in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion These findings support the claim that CNV amplitude can be used as a criterion for detecting amotivation in patients with schizophrenia. Within the context of the DST, the high and low cognitive effort-avoidance of patients with schizophrenia can reflect their state of amotivation; patients with high cognitive effort-avoidance showed severe amotivation. |
topic |
Schizophrenia Amotivation Cognitive effort-avoidance Demand selection task Contingent negative variation (CNV) |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12888-020-02744-4 |
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